Time domain orthogonal base sequence based pucch transmission

ABSTRACT

Some techniques and apparatuses described herein provide generation of a set of orthogonal sequences for transmission of a signal including a payload using an orthogonal base sequence in a time domain. In one example, the orthogonal base sequence in the time domain may be a pi over 2 (pi/2) binary phase shift keying (BPSK) sequence in the time domain, such as prior to transform precoding for transmission. Some techniques and apparatuses described herein provide for the set of orthogonal sequences to be generated such that the set of orthogonal sequences are orthogonal within a symbol (e.g., an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol) by applying an intra-symbol orthogonal cover code (OCC). Applying the intra-symbol OCC provides intra-symbol orthogonality. Thus, a peak to average power ratio of a user equipment is reduced for uplink transmissions and intra-symbol orthogonality is preserved

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This Patent Application claims priority to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 63/050,093, filed on Jul. 9, 2020, entitled “TIME DOMAINORTHOGONAL BASE SEQUENCE BASED PUCCH TRANSMISSION,” and assigned to theassignee hereof. The disclosure of the prior Application is consideredpart of and is incorporated by reference into this Patent Application.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wirelesscommunication and to techniques and apparatuses for time domainorthogonal base sequence based physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)transmission.

BACKGROUND

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide varioustelecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging,and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employmultiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication withmultiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth,transmit power, or the like). Examples of such multiple-accesstechnologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, timedivision multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency-division multipleaccess (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access(OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency-division multiple access(SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multipleaccess (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE).LTE/LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal MobileTelecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by theThird Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

A wireless network may include a number of base stations (BSs) that cansupport communication for a number of user equipment (UEs). A UE maycommunicate with a BS via the downlink and uplink. “Downlink” (orforward link) refers to the communication link from the BS to the UE,and “uplink” (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from theUE to the BS. As will be described in more detail herein, a BS may bereferred to as a Node B, a gNB, an access point (AP), a radio head, atransmit receive point (TRP), a 5G BS, a 5G Node B, or the like.

The above multiple access technologies have been adopted in varioustelecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enablesdifferent wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal,national, regional, and even global level. 5G, which may also bereferred to as New Radio (NR), is a set of enhancements to the LTEmobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project(3GPP). 5G is designed to better support mobile broadband Internetaccess by improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improvingservices, making use of new spectrum, and better integrating with otheropen standards using OFDM with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on thedownlink (DL), using CP-OFDM and/or SC-FDM (e.g., also known as discreteFourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink (UL), as wellas supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennatechnology, and carrier aggregation. However, as the demand for mobilebroadband access continues to increase, there exists a need for furtherimprovements in LTE and 5G technologies. Preferably, these improvementsshould be applicable to other multiple access technologies and thetelecommunication standards that employ these technologies.

SUMMARY

In some wireless communications systems, a UE may transmit a signal to abase station including a payload. In some cases, the UE may transmit thepayload in a resource allocation according to a selected non-orthogonalsequence, which the UE may select out of a set of non-orthogonalsequences. Non-orthogonal sequences may introduce interference orotherwise cause a decrease in reception accuracy or reliability at thebase station. To combat such interference, a UE may transmit the payloadaccording to a selected orthogonal sequence, which the UE may select outof a set of orthogonal sequences (that is, sequences that orthogonal toeach other). In some aspects, the set of orthogonal sequences may begenerated using a base sequence that is orthogonal in the frequencydomain (that is, a sequence that is composed of elements that areorthogonal to each other), such as a low peak to average power ratio(PAPR) quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) base sequence. For example,a UE may use products of a cyclically shifted QPSK base sequence and adiscrete Fourier transform (DFT) vector to generate the set oforthogonal sequences. The usage of the low PAPR QPSK base sequence mayreduce PAPR of uplink transmissions, such as physical uplink controlchannel (PUCCH) transmissions. Further PAPR reduction may enable evenmore efficient operation of the UE and more consistent driving ofamplifiers of the UE.

Some techniques and apparatuses described herein provide the generationof a set of orthogonal sequences for transmission of a signal includinga payload using an orthogonal base sequence in a time domain. In oneexample, the orthogonal base sequence in the time domain may be a piover 2 (pi/2, or π/2) binary phase shift keying (BPSK) sequence prior totransform precoding for transmission, which is associated with lowerPAPR than a QPSK base sequence in the frequency domain. Some techniquesand apparatuses described herein provide for the set of orthogonalsequences to be generated such that the set of orthogonal sequences areorthogonal within a symbol (e.g., an orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) symbol) by applying an intra-symbol orthogonal covercode (OCC). For example, the intra-symbol OCC may be applied using anelement-wise product. Applying the intra-symbol OCC providesintra-symbol orthogonality, whereas other approaches for intra-symbolorthogonality, such as cyclically shifting the base sequence (as usedfor the QPSK base sequence in the frequency domain), may not provideintra-symbol orthogonality for a base sequence in the time domain. Thus,PAPR of the UE is reduced for uplink transmissions, and intra-symbolorthogonality is preserved.

In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a UEincludes: identifying a plurality of orthogonal sequences for conveyinga payload comprising a plurality of bits, wherein the plurality oforthogonal sequences are generated based at least in part on a pluralityof orthogonal base sequences in a time domain; selecting a subset of theplurality of orthogonal sequences for conveying the payload, wherein asize of the subset of the plurality of orthogonal sequences is based atleast in part on a number of the plurality of bits; selecting a sequencefrom the subset of the plurality of orthogonal sequences based at leastin part on a mapping between the subset of the plurality of orthogonalsequences and the plurality of bits; and transmitting the payloadcomprising the plurality of bits using the selected sequence.

In some aspects, the plurality of orthogonal sequences are generatedusing a product of a base sequence and a plurality of block-wiseorthogonal cover codes, which provides reduced PAPR with intra-symbolorthogonality.

In some aspects, the plurality of orthogonal sequences use a time-domainpi/2 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) base sequence, which may providelower PAPR than other sequences. In some aspects, a block-wiseorthogonal cover code, of the plurality of block-wise orthogonal covercodes, includes a plurality of blocks, wherein the plurality of blockscorrespond to respective orthogonal cover code values, and wherein anorthogonal cover code value corresponding to a given block is combinedwith a corresponding group of elements of the base sequence based atleast in part on the product. In some aspects, the product is anelement-wise product.

In some aspects, the plurality of orthogonal sequences are generatedusing a product of a base sequence and an element-wise orthogonal covercode, which provides reduced PAPR with intra-symbol orthogonality. Insome aspects, an orthogonal cover code value corresponding to a givenelement of the plurality of orthogonal sequences is combined with acorresponding element of the base sequence based at least in part on theproduct. In some aspects, the product is an element-wise product.

In some aspects, a number of the set of orthogonal sequences forconveying the payload is based at least in part on a number of timeperiods for conveying the payload and a number of frequency tones forconveying the payload. In some aspects, the method comprises generatingthe set of orthogonal sequences for conveying the payload based at leastin part on a product of an orthogonal matrix having a size correspondingto the number of time periods and the plurality of orthogonal sequences.In some aspects, the product of the orthogonal matrix and the pluralityof orthogonal sequences is a Kronecker product and the orthogonal matrixcomprises a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) matrix. In some aspects,the payload comprising the plurality of bits comprises an uplink controlinformation message.

In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a basestation includes: identifying a plurality of orthogonal sequences forconveying a payload comprising a plurality of bits, wherein theplurality of orthogonal sequences are generated based at least in parton a plurality of orthogonal base sequences in a time domain;determining a subset of the plurality of orthogonal sequences forconveying the payload, wherein a size of the subset of the plurality oforthogonal sequences is based at least in part on a number of theplurality of bits; and receiving the payload comprising the plurality ofbits using a selected sequence from the subset of the plurality oforthogonal sequences, wherein the selected sequence is based at least inpart on a mapping between the subset of the plurality of orthogonalsequences and the plurality of bits.

In some aspects, a UE for wireless communication includes: a memory; andone or more processors coupled to the memory, the memory and the one ormore processors configured to: identify a plurality of orthogonalsequences for conveying a payload comprising a plurality of bits,wherein the plurality of orthogonal sequences are generated based atleast in part on a plurality of orthogonal base sequences in a timedomain; select a subset of the plurality of orthogonal sequences forconveying the payload, wherein a size of the subset of the plurality oforthogonal sequences is based at least in part on a number of theplurality of bits; select a sequence from the subset of the plurality oforthogonal sequences based at least in part on a mapping between thesubset of the plurality of orthogonal sequences and the plurality ofbits; and transmit the payload comprising the plurality of bits usingthe selected sequence.

In some aspects, a base station for wireless communication includes: amemory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the memory andthe one or more processors configured to: identify a plurality oforthogonal sequences for conveying a payload comprising a plurality ofbits, wherein the plurality of orthogonal sequences are generated basedat least in part on a plurality of orthogonal base sequences in a timedomain; determine a subset of the plurality of orthogonal sequences forconveying the payload, wherein a size of the subset of the plurality oforthogonal sequences is based at least in part on a number of theplurality of bits; and receive the payload comprising the plurality ofbits using a selected sequence from the subset of the plurality oforthogonal sequences, wherein the selected sequence is based at least inpart on a mapping between the subset of the plurality of orthogonalsequences and the plurality of bits.

In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing oneor more instructions for wireless communication includes: one or moreinstructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a UE,cause the one or more processors to: identify a plurality of orthogonalsequences for conveying a payload comprising a plurality of bits,wherein the plurality of orthogonal sequences are generated based atleast in part on a plurality of orthogonal base sequences in a timedomain; select a subset of the plurality of orthogonal sequences forconveying the payload, wherein a size of the subset of the plurality oforthogonal sequences is based at least in part on a number of theplurality of bits; select a sequence from the subset of the plurality oforthogonal sequences based at least in part on a mapping between thesubset of the plurality of orthogonal sequences and the plurality ofbits; and transmit the payload comprising the plurality of bits usingthe selected sequence.

In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing oneor more instructions for wireless communication includes: one or moreinstructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a basestation, cause the one or more processors to: identify a plurality oforthogonal sequences for conveying a payload comprising a plurality ofbits, wherein the plurality of orthogonal sequences are generated basedat least in part on a plurality of orthogonal base sequences in a timedomain; determine a subset of the plurality of orthogonal sequences forconveying the payload, wherein a size of the subset of the plurality oforthogonal sequences is based at least in part on a number of theplurality of bits; and receive the payload comprising the plurality ofbits using a selected sequence from the subset of the plurality oforthogonal sequences, wherein the selected sequence is based at least inpart on a mapping between the subset of the plurality of orthogonalsequences and the plurality of bits.

In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes: meansfor identifying a plurality of orthogonal sequences for conveying apayload comprising a plurality of bits, wherein the plurality oforthogonal sequences are generated based at least in part on a pluralityof orthogonal base sequences in a time domain; means for selecting asubset of the plurality of orthogonal sequences for conveying thepayload, wherein a size of the subset of the plurality of orthogonalsequences is based at least in part on a number of the plurality ofbits; means for selecting a sequence from the subset of the plurality oforthogonal sequences based at least in part on a mapping between thesubset of the plurality of orthogonal sequences and the plurality ofbits; and means for transmitting the payload comprising the plurality ofbits using the selected sequence.

In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes: meansfor identifying a plurality of orthogonal sequences for conveying apayload comprising a plurality of bits, wherein the plurality oforthogonal sequences are generated based at least in part on a pluralityof orthogonal base sequences in a time domain; means for determining asubset of the plurality of orthogonal sequences for conveying thepayload, wherein a size of the subset of the plurality of orthogonalsequences is based at least in part on a number of the plurality ofbits; and means for receiving the payload comprising the plurality ofbits using a selected sequence from the subset of the plurality oforthogonal sequences, wherein the selected sequence is based at least inpart on a mapping between the subset of the plurality of orthogonalsequences and the plurality of bits.

Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer programproduct, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, basestation, wireless communication device, and/or processing system assubstantially described with reference to and as illustrated by thedrawings and specification.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technicaladvantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that thedetailed description that follows may be better understood. Additionalfeatures and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conceptionand specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis formodifying or designing other structures for carrying out the samepurposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do notdepart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of theconcepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method ofoperation, together with associated advantages will be better understoodfrom the following description when considered in connection with theaccompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposesof illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limitsof the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station incommunication with a UE in a wireless network.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system thatsupports orthogonal sequence generation for multi-bit payloads, inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrate examples of an orthogonal matrix and a base sequencethat support orthogonal sequence generation for multi-bit payloads, inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates examples of generation of an OCC base sequence usingblock-wise OCCs, in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates examples of generation of an orthogonal cover codeOCC base sequence using element-wise OCCs, in accordance with thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a mathematical operation that supportsorthogonal sequence generation for multi-bit payloads, in accordancewith the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates examples of sets of indices that support orthogonalsequence generation for multi-bit payloads, in accordance with thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a set of indices that supportsorthogonal sequence generation for multi-bit payloads, in accordancewith the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a process flow that supportsorthogonal sequence generation for multi-bit payloads, in accordancewith the present disclosure.

FIGS. 11-12 are flowcharts of example methods of wireless communication,in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an example apparatus for wirelesscommunication, in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus employing a processing system, inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an example apparatus for wirelesscommunication, in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus employing a processing system, inaccordance with the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appendeddrawings is intended as a description of various configurations and isnot intended to represent the configurations in which the conceptsdescribed herein may be practiced. The detailed description includesspecific details for the purposes of providing a thorough understandingof various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled inthe art that these concepts may be practiced without these specificdetails. In some instances, well-known structures and components areshown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.

Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented withreference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methodswill be described in the following detailed description and illustratedin the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components,circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, or the like (collectivelyreferred to as “elements”). These elements may be implemented usingelectronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof.Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software dependsupon the particular application and design constraints imposed on theoverall system.

By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or anycombination of elements may be implemented with a “processing system”that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors includemicroprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs),field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices(PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, andother suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionalitydescribed throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in theprocessing system may execute software. Software shall be construedbroadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments,program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications,software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines,objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, orthe like, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware,microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

Accordingly, in one or more example embodiments, the functions describedmay be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combinationthereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on orencoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readablemedium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storagemedia may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. Byway of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media caninclude a random-access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), anelectrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), compact disk ROM(CD-ROM) or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or othermagnetic storage devices, combinations of the aforementioned types ofcomputer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to storecomputer executable code in the form of instructions or data structuresthat can be accessed by a computer.

It should be noted that while aspects may be described herein usingterminology commonly associated with a 5G or NR radio access technology(RAT), aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other RATs,such as a 3G RAT, a 4G RAT, and/or a RAT subsequent to 5G (e.g., 6G).

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a wireless network 100 in which aspectsof the present disclosure may be practiced. The wireless network 100 maybe or may include elements of a 5G (NR) network and/or an LTE network,among other examples. The wireless network 100 may include a number ofbase stations 110 (shown as BS 110 a, BS 110 b, BS 110 c, and BS 110 d)and other network entities. A base station (BS) is an entity thatcommunicates with user equipment (UEs) and may also be referred to as a5G BS, a Node B, a gNB, a 5G NB, an access point, a transmit receivepoint (TRP), or the like. Each BS may provide communication coverage fora particular geographic area. In 3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to acoverage area of a BS and/or a BS subsystem serving this coverage area,depending on the context in which the term is used.

ABS may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, afemto cell, and/or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover arelatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius)and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription. Apico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allowunrestricted access by UEs with service subscription. A femto cell maycover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allowrestricted access by UEs having association with the femto cell (e.g.,UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A BS for a macro cell may bereferred to as a macro BS. A BS for a pico cell may be referred to as apico BS. A BS for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto BS or ahome BS. In the example shown in FIG. 1, a BS 110 a may be a macro BSfor a macro cell 102 a, a BS 110 b may be a pico BS for a pico cell 102b, and a BS 110 c may be a femto BS for a femto cell 102 c. ABS maysupport one or multiple (e.g., three) cells. The terms “eNB”, “basestation”, “5G BS”, “gNB”, “TRP”, “AP”, “node B”, “5G NB”, and “cell” maybe used interchangeably herein.

A BS may configure a UE to perform communications. In some aspects, theBS may configure the UE with certain orthogonal sequences for conveyingpayloads to the UE. In some aspects, the UE and the BS may identify suchorthogonal sequences. In some aspects, the BS and/or the UE may identifysuch orthogonal sequences based at least in part on a time-domainorthogonal base sequence such as a pi/2 BPSK sequence, as describedelsewhere herein.

In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and thegeographic area of the cell may move according to the location of amobile BS. In some examples, the BSs may be interconnected to oneanother and/or to one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) inthe wireless network 100 through various types of backhaul interfaces,such as a direct physical connection or a virtual network, using anysuitable transport network.

Wireless network 100 may also include relay stations. A relay station isan entity that can receive a transmission of data from an upstreamstation (e.g., a BS or a UE) and send a transmission of the data to adownstream station (e.g., a UE or a BS). A relay station may also be aUE that can relay transmissions for other UEs. In the example shown inFIG. 1, a relay BS 110 dmay communicate with macro BS 110 a and a UE 120din order to facilitate communication between BS 110 a and UE 120 d. Arelay BS may also be referred to as a relay station, a relay basestation, a relay, or the like.

Wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes BSs ofdifferent types, such as macro BSs, pico BSs, femto BSs, relay BSs, orthe like. These different types of BSs may have different transmit powerlevels, different coverage areas, and different impacts on interferencein wireless network 100. For example, macro BSs may have a high transmitpower level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts) whereas pico BSs, femto BSs, and relayBSs may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts).

A network controller 130 may couple to a set of BSs and may providecoordination and control for these BSs. Network controller 130 maycommunicate with the BSs via a backhaul. The BSs may also communicatewith one another, e.g., directly or indirectly via a wireless orwireline backhaul.

UEs 120 (e.g., 120 a, 120 b, 120 c) may be dispersed throughout wirelessnetwork 100, and each UE may be stationary or mobile. A UE may also bereferred to as an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, asubscriber unit, a station, etc. A UE may be a cellular phone (e.g., asmart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, awireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, acordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera,a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical deviceor equipment, biometric sensors/devices, wearable devices (smartwatches, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wrist bands, smart jewelry(e.g., smart ring, smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., amusic or video device, or a satellite radio), a vehicular component orsensor, smart meters/sensors, industrial manufacturing equipment, aglobal positioning system device, or any other suitable device that isconfigured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.

Some UEs may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) or evolvedor enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC and eMTC UEsinclude, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters,monitors, location tags, etc., that may communicate with a base station,another device (e.g., remote device), or some other entity. A wirelessnode may provide, for example, connectivity for or to a network (e.g., awide area network such as Internet or a cellular network) via a wired orwireless communication link. Some UEs may be consideredInternet-of-Things (IoT) devices, and/or may be implemented as NB-IoT(narrowband internet of things) devices. Some UEs may be considered aCustomer Premises Equipment (CPE). UE 120 may be included inside ahousing that houses components of UE 120, such as processor components,memory components, or the like.

In general, any number of wireless networks may be deployed in a givengeographic area. Each wireless network may support a particular RAT andmay operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may also be referred to asa radio technology, an air interface, or the like. A frequency may alsobe referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, or the like. Eachfrequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area in orderto avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. Insome cases, 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

In some aspects, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120 a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g.,without using a base station 110 as an intermediary to communicate withone another). For example, the UEs 120 may communicate usingpeer-to-peer (P2P) communications, device-to-device (D2D)communications, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocol (e.g., which mayinclude a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocol or avehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocol), and/or a mesh network. Inthis case, the UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resourceselection operations, and/or other operations described elsewhere hereinas being performed by the base station 110.

Devices of wireless network 100 may communicate using theelectromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided based at least in parton frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, channels, or thelike. For example, devices of wireless network 100 may communicate usingan operating band having a first frequency range (FR1), which may spanfrom 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz, and/or may communicate using an operatingband having a second frequency range (FR2), which may span from 24.25GHz to 52.6 GHz. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are sometimesreferred to as mid-band frequencies. Although a portion of FR1 isgreater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to as a “sub-6 GHz” band.Similarly, FR2 is often referred to as a “millimeter wave” band despitebeing different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union(ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. Thus, unless specifically statedotherwise, it should be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or thelike, if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies less than 6 GHz,frequencies within FR1, and/or mid-band frequencies (e.g., greater than7.125 GHz). Similarly, unless specifically stated otherwise, it shouldbe understood that the term “millimeter wave” or the like, if usedherein, may broadly represent frequencies within the EHF band,frequencies within FR2, and/or mid-band frequencies (e.g., less than24.25 GHz). It is contemplated that the frequencies included in FR1 andFR2 may be modified, and techniques described herein are applicable tothose modified frequency ranges.

As indicated above, FIG. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples maydiffer from what is described with regard to FIG. 1.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of a base station 110 incommunication with a UE 120 in a wireless network 100. Base station 110may be equipped with T antennas 234 a through 234 t, and UE 120 may beequipped with R antennas 252 a through 252 r, where in general T≥1 andR≥1.

At base station 110, a transmit processor 220 may receive data from adata source 212 for one or more UEs, may select a modulation and codingscheme (MCS) for each UE based at least in part on channel qualityindicators (CQIs) received from the UE, process (e.g., encode andmodulate) the data for each UE based at least in part on the MCSselected for the UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. Transmitprocessor 220 may also process system information (e.g., for semi-staticresource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g.,CQI requests, grants, and/or upper layer signaling) and provide overheadsymbols and control symbols. Transmit processor 220 may also generatereference symbols for reference signals (e.g., a cell-specific referencesignal (CRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), and/or ademodulation reference signal (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g.,a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronizationsignal (SSS)). A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on thedata symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and/or thereference symbols, if applicable, and may provide T output symbolstreams to T modulators (MODs) 232 a through 232 t. Each modulator 232may process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtainan output sample stream. Each modulator 232 may further process (e.g.,convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output samplestream to obtain a downlink signal. T downlink signals from modulators232 a through 232 t may be transmitted via T antennas 234 a through 234t, respectively.

At UE 120, antennas 252 a through 252 r may receive the downlink signalsfrom base station 110 and/or other base stations and may providereceived signals to demodulators (DEMODs) 254 a through 254 r,respectively. Each demodulator 254 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify,downconvert, and digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples.Each demodulator 254 may further process the input samples (e.g., forOFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtainreceived symbols from all R demodulators 254 a through 254 r, performMIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and providedetected symbols. A receive (RX) processor 258 may process (e.g.,demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for UE120 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information andsystem information to a controller/processor 280. The term“controller/processor” may refer to one or more controllers, one or moreprocessors, or a combination thereof. A channel processor may determinea reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signalstrength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality(RSRQ) parameter, and/or a channel quality indicator (CQI) parameter,among other examples. In some aspects, one or more components of UE 120may be included in a housing 284.

Network controller 130 may include communication unit 294,controller/processor 290, and memory 292. Network controller 130 mayinclude, for example, one or more devices in a core network. Networkcontroller 130 may communicate with base station 110 via communicationunit 294.

Antennas (e.g., antennas 234 a through 234 t and/or antennas 252 athrough 252 r) may include, or may be included within, one or moreantenna panels, antenna groups, sets of antenna elements, and/or antennaarrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a setof antenna elements, and/or an antenna array may include one or moreantenna elements. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antennaelements, and/or an antenna array may include a set of coplanar antennaelements and/or a set of non-coplanar antenna elements. An antennapanel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, and/or an antennaarray may include antenna elements within a single housing and/orantenna elements within multiple housings. An antenna panel, an antennagroup, a set of antenna elements, and/or an antenna array may includeone or more antenna elements coupled to one or more transmission and/orreception components, such as one or more components of FIG. 2.

On the uplink, at UE 120, a transmit processor 264 may receive andprocess data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., forreports that include RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and/or CQI) fromcontroller/processor 280. Transmit processor 264 may also generatereference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols fromtransmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 ifapplicable, further processed by modulators 254 a through 254 r (e.g.,for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to base station 110. In someaspects, a modulator and a demodulator (e.g., MOD/DEMOD 254) of the UE120 may be included in a modem of the UE 120. In some aspects, the UE120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combinationof antenna(s) 252, modulators and/or demodulators 254, MIMO detector256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, and/or TX MIMOprocessor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g.,controller/processor 280) and memory 282 to perform aspects of any ofthe methods described herein.

At base station 110, the uplink signals from UE 120 and other UEs may bereceived by antennas 234, processed by demodulators 232, detected by aMIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receiveprocessor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE120. Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink239 and the decoded control information to controller/processor 240.Base station 110 may include communication unit 244 and communicate tonetwork controller 130 via communication unit 244. Base station 110 mayinclude a scheduler 246 to schedule UEs 120 for downlink and/or uplinkcommunications. In some aspects, a modulator and a demodulator (e.g.,MOD/DEMOD 232) of the base station 110 may be included in a modem of thebase station 110. In some aspects, the base station 110 includes atransceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna(s)234, modulators and/or demodulators 232, MIMO detector 236, receiveprocessor 238, transmit processor 220, and/or TX MIMO processor 230. Thetransceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller/processor 240)and memory 242 to perform aspects of any of the methods describedherein. A scheduler 246 may schedule UEs for data transmission on thedownlink and/or uplink.

Controller/processor 240 of base station 110, controller/processor 280of UE 120, and/or any other component(s) of FIG. 2 may perform one ormore techniques associated with time domain orthogonal base sequencebased PUCCH transmission, as described in more detail elsewhere herein.For example, controller/processor 240 of base station 110,controller/processor 280 of UE 120, and/or any other component(s) ofFIG. 2 may perform or direct operations of, for example, method 1100 ofFIG. 11, method 1200 of FIG. 12, and/or other processes as describedherein. Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for BS 110and UE 120, respectively. In some aspects, memory 242 and/or memory 282may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one ormore instructions (e.g., code and/or program code) for wirelesscommunication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed(e.g., directly, or after compiling, converting, and/or interpreting) byone or more processors of the base station 110 and/or the UE 120, maycause the one or more processors, the UE 120, and/or the base station110 to perform or direct operations of, for example, method 1100 of FIG.11, method 1200 of FIG. 12, and/or other processes as described herein.In some aspects, executing instructions may include running theinstructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions,and/or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.

As indicated above, FIG. 2 is provided as an example. Other examples maydiffer from what is described with regard to FIG. 2.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 300that supports orthogonal sequence generation for multi-bit payloads, inaccordance with the present disclosure. In some examples, the wirelesscommunications system 300 may implement aspects of wireless network 100.The wireless communications system 300 may include a UE 120 and a basestation 110. The UE 120 and the base station 110 may communicate via acommunication link 305 within a cell 102. In some examples, the UE 120may transmit a signal including a payload 310 to the base station 110via the communication link 305. The payload 310 may occupy a resourceallocation of N OFDM symbols 315 and M frequency tones 320, and the UE120 may convey the payload 310 using a sequence based at least in parton the N OFDM symbols 315 and the M frequency tones 320.

As described herein, N may correspond to any number, but may sometimesbe defined within the range of 1 to 14. Similarly, M may correspond toany number, but may sometimes be defined within the range of 1 to 12. Insome cases, such as when N=14 and M=12, the resource allocation may be aresource block. Further, as described herein, the payload 310 may be anexample of any signal including information (e.g., a number of bits)and, although described in the context of transmission from the UE 120,may be transmitted by either the UE 120 or the base station 110. In someexamples, the payload 310 may be an example of uplink controlinformation and, accordingly, the UE 120 may transmit the payload 310 ina resource allocation of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). Insuch examples, the N OFDM symbols 315 and the M frequency tones 320 maycorrespond to a time and frequency resource grid assigned to the PUCCHfor the UE 120 to transmit the payload 310.

In some cases, the wireless communications system 300 may be associatedwith some latency and reliability conditions or constraints that supportcommunications between the UE 120 and the base station 110. For example,in some cases, the wireless communications system 300 may supportcommunications between the UE 120 and the base station 110 based atleast in part on maintaining low-latency and highly-reliabletransmissions between the UE 120 and the base station 110. Suchlow-latency and high-reliability conditions may be further tightened forcommunications in high-frequency radio frequency bands, such ascommunications in an FR2 radio frequency band (e.g. a millimeter wave(mmW) radio frequency band). In some cases, the UE 120 may use anon-orthogonal sequence (or codepoint) to convey the payload 310. Forexample, the UE 120 may generate or be configured with a codebook ofnon-orthogonal sequences, and the UE 120 may select a non-orthogonalsequence from the codebook to convey the payload 310. In somecircumstances, however, such use of non-orthogonal sequences may fail tomeet the latency or reliability constraints of the wirelesscommunications system 300, which may decrease the likelihood forsuccessful communications between the UE 120 and the base station 110.

In some implementations of the present disclosure, the UE 120 or thebase station 110, or both, may identify a set of orthogonal sequencesfrom which the UE 120 may select a sequence for conveying the payload310. In some cases, such use of orthogonal sequences to convey thepayload 310 may provide for low-latency and reliable communications withthe base station 110. More specifically, the UE 120 or the base station110, or both, may identify the set of orthogonal sequences based atleast in part on a plurality of orthogonal base sequences in the timedomain, such as prior to transform precoding for transmission, whichreduces PAPR relative to a base sequence in the frequency domain.Accordingly, the wireless communications system 300, based at least inpart on supporting orthogonal sequences determined using an orthogonalbase sequence in the time domain for conveying a payload 310, mayincrease the likelihood for successful communications between the UE 120and the base station 110.

In some examples, the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, maygenerate a number of orthogonal sequences based at least in part on theresources allocated for the payload 310. For example, the UE 120 and thebase station 110 may communicate via a resource allocation of acommunication channel, and the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both,may generate a number of orthogonal sequences based at least in part onthe resource allocation. For instance, the base station 110 may allocateN OFDM symbols 315 and M frequency tones 320 for transmission of thepayload 310 and, accordingly, the UE 120 or the base station 110, orboth, may generate a number of orthogonal sequences equal to N*M. Insome aspects, each orthogonal sequence of the set of orthogonalsequences may have a length equal to the size of the resource allocation(e.g., the number of resource elements in the resource allocation, orN*M), such that each orthogonal sequence may convey the payload 310across the resource allocation. As a result, the UE 120 or the basestation 110, or both, may generate a set of N*M orthogonal sequences,and each orthogonal sequence may be associated with a length of N*M. Thegeneration of the set of orthogonal sequences is described in moredetail with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.

The UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, may determine a subset ofthe set of orthogonal sequences based at least in part on the payload310. For example, the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, maydetermine a size of the payload 310 (e.g., a number of bits included inthe payload 310) and may determine a subset of the set of orthogonalsequences based at least in part on the size of the payload 310. Forinstance, the payload 310 may include a number of bits equal to K and,accordingly, the number of orthogonal sequences within the determinedsubset of orthogonal sequences may be based at least in part on thevalue of K. In some implementations, for example, the UE 120 or the basestation 110, or both, may select a number of orthogonal sequences equalto 2^(K) based at least in part on identifying that the payload 310includes K bits. In some cases, the UE 120 or the base station 110, orboth, may select 2^(K) orthogonal sequences because 2^(K) orthogonalsequences may provide one orthogonal sequence for each possible value(e.g., permutation) of K bits. Additional details of the selection ofthe subset of orthogonal sequences are described with reference to FIGS.8 and 9.

As a result, the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, may identify asubset of orthogonal sequences (e.g., a subset of 2^(K) orthogonalsequences) from which the UE 120 may select an orthogonal sequence toconvey the payload 310. In the case that the base station 110 generatesthe set of orthogonal sequences and determines the subset of orthogonalsequences, the base station 110 may signal an indication of the subsetof orthogonal sequences to the UE 120 and the UE 120 may construct acodebook including the indicated subset of orthogonal sequences.Alternatively, in the case that the UE 120, or both the UE 120 and thebase station 110, generates the set of orthogonal sequences and selectsthe subset of orthogonal sequences from the set of orthogonal sequences,the UE 120 may construct a codebook including the subset of orthogonalsequences without additional signaling from the base station 110. Insome aspects, the UE 120 may construct the codebook such that eachorthogonal sequence of the subset of orthogonal sequences in thecodebook is associated with an index in the codebook.

The UE 120 may select an orthogonal sequence from the subset oforthogonal sequences (e.g., from the constructed codebook) to convey thepayload 310 based at least in part on the bits in the payload 310. Forexample, the UE 120 may identify a bit stream (e.g., successive valuesof a number of bits) of the payload 310 and may select an orthogonalsequence from the codebook based at least in part on the bit stream. Thebit stream may be represented as b₀, b₁, b₂, b_(K−1), where bcorresponds to a value of a bit and K is equal to the number of bits inthe payload 310. In some implementations, the UE 120 may convert the bitstream to a number (e.g., a decimal number), such as k, that maycorrespond to an orthogonal sequence of the subset of orthogonalsequences. For example, k may correspond to or map to an index in thecodebook of the subset of orthogonal sequences. As a result, the UE 120may convert the bit stream of the payload 310 into the value k and maydetermine which orthogonal sequence of the subset of orthogonalsequences corresponds to the index value of k (e.g., the UE 120 maydetermine the k^(th) sequence in the constructed codebook). Accordingly,the UE 120 may select the orthogonal sequence corresponding to the indexvalue of k and may transmit the payload 310 using the selectedorthogonal sequence.

The UE 120, implementing the described techniques, may efficientlyconstruct a codebook of orthogonal sequences using an orthogonal basesequence in the time domain, and select one of the orthogonal sequencesto convey the payload 310 based at least in part on the number of bitsin the payload 310, which may increase the likelihood that the basestation 110 is able to successfully receive the payload 310 whileavoiding unnecessary storage costs associated with storing the full setof generated orthogonal sequences. Moreover, the described techniquesmay support and maintain a low PAPR associated with the transmission ofthe payload 310, which may enable the UE 120 to use a greater transmitpower when transmitting the payload 310.

FIG. 4 illustrates examples of an orthogonal matrix 400 and a basesequence 405 that support orthogonal sequence generation for multi-bitpayloads, in accordance with the present disclosure. In some examples,the orthogonal matrix 400 and the base sequence 405 may be implementedto realize aspects of wireless network 100 and wireless communicationssystem 300. For example, a UE 120 or a base station 110, or both, mayuse the orthogonal matrix 400 and the base sequence 405 to generate aset of orthogonal sequences from which the UE 120 may select anorthogonal sequence to convey a payload to the base station 110. The UE120 and the base station 110 may be examples of corresponding devices asdescribed herein.

The orthogonal matrix 400, which may be referred to as W, may be anorthogonal, square matrix of size N (i.e., an N×N matrix). In someimplementations, N may be equal to the number of symbols of a resourceallocation associated with transmission of the payload, as described inmore detail with reference to FIG. 3. Further, in some specificexamples, the orthogonal matrix 400 may be a DFT matrix and, as such,may be equivalently referred to as a DFT matrix. Accordingly, a row or acolumn of the orthogonal matrix 400 (e.g., a vector) may be referred toas either

(n) or

(n), where n is an index of the row or the column of the orthogonalmatrix 400 (e.g., the n^(th) row or column). Although FIG. 4 illustratesn=1, n may be equal to any number n=0,1,2, . . . ,N−1. A row of theorthogonal matrix 400 is defined by Equation 1, shown below.

(n)=[ω^(0n),ω^(1n),ω^(2n), . . . ,ω^(in), . .. . ,ω^((N−1)n)]  (1)

The corresponding column of the orthogonal matrix 400 may be equal to

(n)^(T). In Equation 1, ω may be defined as either ω=e^(−j2π/N) orω=e^(j2π/N). Each column of the vector

(n) (or each row of the vector

(n)^(T)) may correspond to an OFDM symbol index i, where i=0 in thefirst column (e.g., the left-most column) of the orthogonal matrix 400and increments by one to i=N−1 in the last column (e.g., the right-mostcolumn) of the orthogonal matrix 400. In some cases, an OFDM symbolindex i may correspond to an OFDM symbol of the resource allocation thatthe UE 120 may use to transmit the payload. In some cases, the phaseramp of a row or a column of the orthogonal matrix 400 may be defined asi*n, where i is the OFDM symbol index and n may describe the slope ofthe phase change. As a result, a column or a row of the orthogonalmatrix 400 may include entries for each OFDM symbol of the resourceallocation in one frequency tone.

The base sequence 405, which may be equivalently referred to as a basesequence

(m), may be a sequence in the time domain. In other words, the basesequence 405 may be a time-domain base sequence S′. In some aspects, thebase sequence S′ may be based at least in part on an orthogonal covercode (OCC) index P, where P=0,1,2, . . . , P−1. In some aspects, thebase sequence 405 may comprise a pi/2 BPSK sequence in the time domain.For example, the values of base sequence 405 may span a single OFDMsymbol. The UE 120, the BS 110, or both, may apply an OCC so that theintra-symbol orthogonality of the base sequence 405 is improved.

In some cases, the base sequence 405 may be a cell-specific basesequence, such that each UE 120 within a cell 102 of the base station110 (e.g., within a geographic coverage area of the base station 110)may use the same base sequence 405. Further, in some cases, the basesequence 405 may have a low PAPR property and may be referred to as alow PAPR sequence.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, the base sequence 405 may be a vector of size1×M. Additionally, there may be a number of base sequences 405 equal tothe number of tones associated with the base sequence 405. For instance,there may be M base sequences 405 (i.e., one base sequence

′(m) for each of m=0, 1, 2, . . . , M−1). Further, each row of the basesequence 405 may correspond to a frequency tone index l, where l=0 inthe first column (e.g., the leftmost column) and increments by one tol=M−1 in the last row (e.g., the rightmost column). As a result, eachfrequency tone index 1 may correspond to a frequency tone of theresource allocation associated with the transmission of the payload.Accordingly, a number of base sequences 405 (e.g., a number equal to M)may be considered, and the number of base sequences 405 may bevisualized as a matrix of base sequences

′(m) of dimensions P×M (e.g., P OCC indexes×M frequency tones). Each ofthe base sequences in the matrix=Wp*S′.

The UE 120, the base station 110, or both, may generate an orthogonalsequence for the set of orthogonal sequences based at least in part onapplying an OCC to the base sequence 405 to generate an OCC basesequence 410. For example, the UE 120, the base station 110, or both,may generate the orthogonal sequence using S′_(p), wherein S′_(p) isdetermined using Equation 2:

S′ _(p) =w _(p) ·S′  (2)

In Equation 2, w_(p) is an OCC with OCC index P, and S′_(p) is theelement-wise product of w_(p) and S′, as indicated by reference number415. Examples of OCCs and the operation shown in Equation 2 are shown inFIGS. 5 and 6. In some aspects, the UE 120 or the base station 110, orboth, may perform DFT transform precoding (referred to herein astransform precoding for transmission) on S′_(p) then may map S′_(p) postDFT transform precoding to M frequency tones (REs) in the assigned PUCCHresource.

As described herein, the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, maygenerate a set of orthogonal sequences. In some examples, the UE 120 orthe base station 110, or both, may generate a number of orthogonalsequences based at least in part on a product, such as a Kroneckerproduct, of the orthogonal matrix 400 and each of the number of OCC basesequences 410. The Kronecker product of the orthogonal matrix 400 andeach of the number of OCC base sequences 410 may involve determining theKronecker product of each row or column n of the orthogonal matrix 400and each OCC index p of the OCC base sequence 410, and repeating theoperation for all permutations of n and p, where n=0, 1, . . . ,N−1 andp=0,1, . . . , P−1.

As a result, the number of orthogonal sequences in the set may be equalto the product of the dimensions of the orthogonal matrix 400 and amatrix representation of the OCC base sequences 410. For instance, theorthogonal matrix 400 may be a matrix of size N×N and the OCC basesequences 410 may be represented by a matrix of size P×M and, therefore,the Kronecker product between the two may result in an (N*P)×(N*M)matrix (e.g., an orthogonal (N*P)×(N*M) matrix). In other words, the UE120 or the base station 110, or both, may generate a number oforthogonal sequences equal to N*P and each orthogonal sequence may havea length of N*M. As a result, each orthogonal sequence may have a lengthequal to the number of resource elements (e.g., the number of OFDMsymbols x the number of frequency tone resource elements) included inthe resource grid that is allocated to the UE 120 for transmission ofthe payload. Further, based at least in part on using a Kroneckerproduct of the orthogonal matrix 400 and the OCC base sequence 410, thesignal transmitted on each OFDM symbol may have the same PAPR as the OCCbase sequence 410, which may improve the coverage area of the UE 120because the UE 120 may drive a power amplifier to a set power ratio anduse a maximum transmit power of the UE 120 to transmit the signal. Thegeneration of an individual orthogonal sequence using a Kroneckerproduct is described in more detail with reference to FIG. 7.

FIG. 5 illustrates examples 500 and 505 of generation of an OCC basesequence using block-wise OCCs, in accordance with the presentdisclosure. In example 500, a block-wise OCC has a block size of 6 andan OCC index of 2. A block size of 6 indicates that a base OCC of [1 1,1−1] is applied in blocks of 6 OCC values. For example, a first block of6 values and a last block of 6 values of OCC index 0, shown by referencenumber 510, are both associated with OCC values of 1. Furthermore, afirst block of 6 values of OCC index 1 are associated with an OCC valueof 1 and a last block of 6 values (e.g., a last block) of OCC index 1are associated with an OCC value of −1, in accordance with the base OCC,as shown by reference number 520. The OCC of example 500 may be combinedwith S′ using an element-wise product to generate an OCC base sequenceS′_(p) 530. Thus, at OCC index 1, S′_(p) has values of −S′(m) for thelast 6 values of S′_(p).

In example 505, a block-wise OCC has a block size of 3 and an OCC indexof 4. A block size of 3 indicates that a base OCC of [1 1 1 1, 1 −1 1−1, 1 1 −1 −1, 1 −1 −1 1] is applied in blocks of 3 OCC values. Forexample, the blocks of the OCC 540 in example 505 enclosed by dashedlines are associated with negative values of the base OCC. The OCC ofexample 500 may be combined with S′ using an element-wise product togenerate an OCC base sequence S′_(p) 550.

Generally, the block-wise OCC can be performed using any block size Xfor which M/X is an integer number.

As indicated above, FIG. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples maydiffer from what is provided with regard to FIG. 5.

FIG. 6 illustrates examples 600 and 605 of generation of an OCC basesequence using element-wise OCCs, in accordance with the presentdisclosure. In an element-wise OCC, such as OCC 610, a base OCC isapplied with one OCC value per value of a corresponding S′. For example,for OCC 610, a base OCC of [1 1, 1 −1] is repeated 6 times, as indicatedby the dashed boxes around each repetition. As another example, for OCC620, a base OCC of [1 1 1 1, 1 −1 1 −1, 1 1 −1 −1, 1 −1 −1 1] isrepeated 3 times, as indicated by the dashed boxes around eachrepetition. As shown, the OCCs 610 and 620 of example 600 may becombined with S′ using an element-wise product to generate OCC basesequences 630 and 640.

As indicated above, FIG. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples maydiffer from what is provided with regard to FIG. 6.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a mathematical operation 700 thatsupports orthogonal sequence generation for multi-bit payloads, inaccordance with the present disclosure. The mathematical operation 700may be an example of a Kronecker product of a row or a column (e.g., avector) of the orthogonal matrix 400 and an OCC base sequence 410. Insome examples, a UE 120 or a base station 110, or both, may perform themathematical operation 700 to determine an orthogonal sequence 705(e.g., a sequence that is orthogonal in time and frequency). The UE 120or the base station 110, or both, may determine the orthogonal sequence705 when generating the set of orthogonal sequences (e.g., the N*Porthogonal sequences), as described in more detail with reference toFIG. 4. For example, the mathematical operation 700 may illustrate astep or an operation of the generation of the set of orthogonalsequences and, therefore, the mathematical operation 700 may besimilarly performed for each unique pair of row or column index n of theorthogonal matrix 400 and OCC index p of the OCC base sequence 410. Forinstance, the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, may perform themathematical operation 700 N*P times (e.g., to generate N*P orthogonalsequences 705).

The UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, may determine a row or acolumn index n of the orthogonal matrix 400 from the N−1 row and columnindices of the orthogonal matrix 400 and an OCC index p of the OCC basesequence 410 from the p−1 OCC indices of the OCC base sequences 410. Inother words, the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, may determinethe vector corresponding to the row or the column index n of theorthogonal matrix 400, which may be referred to as

(n) and be defined by Equation 1, and the vector corresponding to theOCC index p of the OCC base sequence 410, which may be illustrated bybase sequence w_(p)·

(m) (e.g., OCC base sequence 410 may illustrate w_(p)·

′(OCC index=m)).

The UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, may determine the Kroneckerproduct of

(n) and w_(p)·

(m) to determine the orthogonal sequence 705. The Kronecker product isdefined such that the OCC base sequence w_(p)·

(m) is multiplied by each column of

(n) if

(n) is a row vector, or by each row of

(n) if

(n) is a column vector. For instance, the Kronecker product of

(n) and w_(p)·

(m) may be defined by Equation 3.

(n)⊗w _(p)·

(m)=[ω^(0n) *w _(p)·

(m), ω^(2n) *w _(p)·

(m), . . . ω^(in) *w _(p)·

(m), . . . , ω^(N−1)n) *w _(p·)

₍ m)]  (3)

On OFDM symbol i, the expanded Kronecker product may be represented asω^(in)*w_(p)·

(m)=[ω_(in)*w_(p)(0)·

(0), ω^(in)*w_(p)(1)·

(1) . . . , ω^(in) 8w_(p)(m)·

(m), ω^(in)*w_(p)(M−1)·

(M−1)].

In some implementations, such as when

(n) and w_(p)·

(m) are either both row vectors or both column vectors, Equation 3 maygenerate a 1×(N*M) orthogonal sequence 705 (in the case that

(n) and w_(p)·

(m) are column vectors) or an (N*M)×1 orthogonal sequence 705 (in thecase that

(n) and w_(p)·

(m) are row vectors). Alternatively, in some other implementations,

(n) may be a row vector and w_(p)

(m) may be a column vector. In such implementations, Equation 3 maygenerate an orthogonal sequence of dimensions N×M. In suchimplementations, the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, mayconcatenate each column below the lowest entry of the previous column toeffectively generate an (N*M)×1 orthogonal sequence 705. The UE 120 orthe base station 110, or both, may perform such concatenation so thatthe orthogonal sequence 705 is represented as a column (or a row) andmay be indexed in a codebook. In either implementation, each entry inthe orthogonal sequence 705 may be associated with a unique (i,l) pair,where i may correspond to an OFDM symbol index of the N OFDM symbols ofthe resource allocation and l may correspond to a frequency tone indexof the M frequency tones in the resource allocation. Accordingly,regardless of the specific implementation, the UE 120 or the basestation 110 may map the generated orthogonal sequence 705 to theallocated resource grid such that an entry of the orthogonal sequence705 corresponding to a unique (i,l) pair maps to a resource element ofthe resource grid associated with the (i,l) pair (e.g., the resourceelement at the i^(th) OFDM symbol and the l^(th) frequency tone of theresource grid).

In some examples, an OFDM symbol index i=0 may correspond to the firstOFDM symbol (e.g., the temporally earliest) of the resource allocation,and a frequency tone index i=0 may correspond to the lowest frequencytone (e.g., the lowest frequency subcarrier) of the resource allocation.Likewise, an OFDM symbol index i=N−1 may correspond to the last (e.g.,the temporally latest) OFDM symbol of the resource allocation, and afrequency tone index i=M−1 may correspond to the highest frequency tone(e.g., the highest frequency subcarrier) of the resource allocation.

Such generation of a set of orthogonal sequences 705 may correspond to aspreading of the OCC base sequence 410 in the time-domain (e.g., basedat least in part on a CDMA concept) via the orthogonal matrix 400 (e.g.,using a DFT vector in the time-domain) and enforcement of intra-symbolorthogonality based at least in part on the OCC coding of the OCC basesequence 410. Further, the implementations of the present disclosure maycorrespond to an index modulation scheme using N DFT dimensions and POCC dimensions to carry a number of bits based at least in part on the Nand P dimensions. For instance, such an index modulation scheme maycarry the payload based at least in part on an on-off pattern on the N*Mtones of the orthogonal sequence 705. When using index modulation, theUE 120 may convey different information by using different on-offpatterns on the N*P tones of the orthogonal sequence 705. In someexamples, the described techniques may be implemented to carry log₂(N*P)bits based at least in part on having N DFT dimensions and P OCCdimensions (e.g., an orthogonal sequence 705 of length N*M generated bythe orthogonal matrix 400 and the OCC base sequence 410 may carrylog₂(N*P) bits).

As a result, the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, may determinethe orthogonal sequence 705 that may convey a payload across theresources allocated for the transmission of the payload. The UE 120 orthe base station 110, or both, may repeat the mathematical operation 700for each unique pair of row or column index n of the orthogonal matrix400 and each OCC index p of the OCC base sequence 410 (i.e., each unique(n, p) pair) to generate N*P orthogonal sequences 705, where each of theN*P orthogonal sequences 705 may convey the payload across each resourceelement in the grid defined by N OFDM symbols and P OCC indexes. In someimplementations, the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, mayconstruct a codebook of a subset of the N* P orthogonal sequences 705based at least in part on the number of bits in the payload. Theselection of the subset of orthogonal sequences is described in furtherdetail with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9.

FIG. 8 illustrates examples of sets of indices 800 and 801 that supportorthogonal sequence generation for multi-bit payloads, in accordancewith the present disclosure. In some examples, the set of indices 800may correspond to a circular visualization of the row or column indicesn=0, 1, 2, . . . , N−1 of the orthogonal matrix and the set of indices801 may correspond to a circular visualization of the OCC indicesp=0,1,2, . . . , P−1 of the base sequence. The UE 120 or the basestation 110, or both, may employ the circular visualization of the N rowor column indices of the orthogonal matrix and the P OCC indices of thebase sequence to determine the subset of orthogonal sequences to includein a codebook. For example, the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both,may determine that the size of the payload is K bits and may select anumber of orthogonal sequences (e.g., 2^(K) orthogonal sequences) fromthe generated N*P orthogonal sequences based at least in part on thesets of indices 800 and 801.

As described herein, the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, maydetermine that the payload includes K bits and may determine that thesize of the codebook including the subset of orthogonal sequences is 2^(K) (e.g., the codebook may include 2 ^(K) orthogonal sequences) basedat least in part on the K bits in the payload. In some implementations,the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, may select the subset oforthogonal sequences by determining two values, K1 and K2, whereK1+K2=K. In some aspects, the base station 110 may determine the valuesK1 and K2 and may signal the values to the UE 120. As a result, the UE120 may determine the values K1 and K2 based at least in part onreceiving the signaling from the base station 110.

The UE 120 may determine a number of indices N1 and a number of indicesP2 based at least in part on the signaled values of K1 and K2, where N1may correspond to a number of the N row or column indices of theorthogonal matrix (e.g., N1 indices in the DFT domain), and P2 maycorrespond to a number of the P OCC indices of the base sequence (e.g.,P2 indices in the OCC domain). In some implementations, the UE 120 maydetermine that N1=2^(K1) and that P2=2^(K2), where N1≤N and P2≤P. As aresult, the UE 120 may determine values for N1 and P2 based at least inpart on the signaled values K1 and K2 and, in some examples, may selectthe subset of orthogonal sequences based at least in part on N1 and P2.

For example, the UE 120 may select N1 row or column indices from then=0,1,2, . . . , N−1 row or column indices of the orthogonal matrix andP2 OCC indices of the P=0,1, 2, . . . , P−1 OCC indices of the basesequence. In some implementations, the UE 120 may select the N1 row orcolumn indices of the orthogonal matrix based at least in part onmaintaining a largest possible gap between the selected indices (e.g., alargest possible gap based at least in part on the circularvisualization of the N indices in the set of indices 800). As a result,the UE 120 may mitigate the influence of channel Doppler shift on thetransmission of the payload. Similarly, the UE 120 may select the P2 OCCindices of the base sequence based at least in part on maintaining alargest possible gap between the selected indices (e.g., a largestpossible gap based at least in part on the circular visualization of theM indices in the set of indices 801). As result, the UE 120 may mitigatethe influence of channel delay spread on the transmission of thepayload.

In some examples, the UE 120 may determine the indices (e.g., the valuesof n and m) associated with the subset of orthogonal sequences based atleast in part on the number of the indices N1 and P2, a starting index805-a, a starting index 805-b, an index interval 810-a, and an indexinterval 810-b. The starting index 805-a may correspond to a startingrow or column index j₀ of the orthogonal matrix that the UE 120 may useto determine one or more orthogonal sequences and as a startingreference point from which to determine the other N1−1 row or columnindices of the orthogonal matrix that may be used to determine one ormore additional orthogonal sequences. Similarly, the starting index805-b may correspond to a starting OCC index k₀ that the UE 120 may useto determine one or more orthogonal sequences and as a startingreference point from which to determine the other P2−1 OCC indices ofthe base sequence that may be used to determine one or more additionalorthogonal sequences. Although j₀ and k₀ may be shown to correspond toindex values of j₀=1 and k₀=1 in FIG. 8, j₀ and k₀ may correspond to anyindex n=0, 1, 2, . . . , N−1 or p=0,1,2, . . . , P−1, respectively.

The index interval 810-a may correspond to an interval or an offsetbetween two nearest selected row or column indices of the orthogonalmatrix. Similarly, the index interval 810-b may correspond to aninterval or an offset between two nearest selected OCC indices of thebase sequence. As a result, the UE 120 may determine a second row orcolumn index of the orthogonal matrix, such as j₁, based at least inpart on the index interval 810-a and the starting index 805-a (e.g.,based at least in part on adding the index interval 810-a to thestarting index 805-a). Likewise, the UE 120 may determine an i^(th) rowor column index of the orthogonal matrix, such as j_(i), based at leastin part on progressively adding the index interval 810-a to the startingindex 805-a or based at least in part on a mathematical operation, suchas described by Equation 4, shown below.

j _(i) =j ₀+(i*j _(offset))   (4)

The UE 120 may continue determining indices of the orthogonal matrix inthis manner until the UE 120 identifies the N1 row or column indices ofthe orthogonal matrix (e.g., until the UE 120 identifies j_(N1−1)). TheUE 120 may likewise perform a similar procedure to determine the P2 OCCindices of the base sequence using the index interval 810-b and thestarting index k₀. As illustrated in FIG. 8, the UE 120 may determine asecond OCC index k₁, an i^(th) OCC index k_(i), and so on until the UE120 determines P2 OCC indices (e.g., until the UE 120 determines OCCindex k_(p2−1)).

In some implementations, the base station 110 may signal, to the UE 120,an indication of the starting index 805-a and the starting index 805-b.Additionally, in some examples, the base station 110 may signal, to theUE 120, an indication of the index offset 810-a and the index offset810-b that the UE 120 may use to determine the N1 and P2 indices.Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 120 may determine or derive theindex interval 810-a and the index interval 810-b based at least in parton determining the maximum possible distance between the selectedindices.

For example, the UE 120 may determine the index offset 810-a based atleast in part on dividing the total number of row or column indices N bythe number of indices N1. For instance, the UE 120 may determine thatN1=4 and the UE 120 may divide the number of row or column indices N by8 to determine the maximum index interval 810-a (e.g., the maximum indexspacing or offset) between 8 selected indices. Similarly, the UE 120 maydetermine the index offset 810-b based at least in part on dividing thetotal number of OCC indices P by the number of indices P2. For instance,the UE 120 may determine that P2=4 and the UE 120 may divide the numberof OCC indices P by 8 to determine the maximum index interval 810-bbetween 8 selected indices. In some cases, however, N1 or P2, or both,may be unable to divide into N or M, respectively, evenly. In suchcases, the UE 120 may employ a function (e.g., a rounding function or arounding operation) to determine the index interval 810-a or the indexinterval 810-b. For example, the function may include a modulo function,a floor function, a ceiling function, or a combination thereof.

In some examples where N1 fails to divide evenly into N and N1=4, the UE120 may determine the four selected row or column indices of theorthogonal matrix based at least in part on Expressions 5, 6, and 7,shown below.

{k,mod(k+floor(N/N1),N),mod(K+floor(2N/N1),N),mod(K+floor(2N/N1),N)}  (5)

{k,mod(k+ceil(N/N1),N),mod(K+ceil(2N/N1),N),mod(K+ceil(3N/N1),N)}  (6)

{k,mod(k+floor(N/N1),mod(K+ceil(2N/N1),mod(K+floor(3N/N1),N)}  (7)

As described by Expressions 5, 6, and 7, the four selected row or columnindices of the orthogonal matrix may be notated by {k,k₁,k₂,k₃,}, wherek corresponds to the starting index 805 in this example. The UE 120 orthe base station 110, or both, may use similar equations to selectindices from the base sequence. For example, in an example where P2=4,the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, may select OCC indices ofthe base sequence as described in Equations 8 and 9, and Expressions 5,6, and 7, by replacing N with P and N1 with P2. Expressions 5, 6, and 7are shown to illustrate some embodiments of the present disclosure(e.g., when N1=4), and the UE 120 may use different equations other thanor in addition to Expressions 5, 6, and 7 to determine the selectedindices without exceeding the scope of the present disclosure.

The UE 120, upon determining the number of indices N1 and M2, thestarting index 805-a, the starting index 805-b, the index offset 810-a,and the index offset 810-b, may have sufficient information to select N1row or column indices of the orthogonal matrix and P2 OCC indices of thebase sequence. In some implementations, the UE 120 may determine theorthogonal sequences of the generated set of orthogonal sequencesassociated with the selected indices. For instance, the UE 120 maydetermine a number of orthogonal sequences corresponding to eachcombination or permutation of the N1 indices of the orthogonal matrixand the P2 OCC indices of the base sequence. For example, the UE 120 mayidentify each orthogonal sequence of the set of orthogonal sequencesthat corresponds to a Kronecker product of at least one of the selectedN1 row or column indices of the orthogonal matrix and at least one ofthe selected P2 OCC indices of the base sequence. Accordingly, the UE120 may determine N1*P2=P2=2^(K1)*2^(k2)=2^(K1+K2)=2K orthogonalsequences from the set of P*N orthogonal sequences.

The UE 120 may construct a codebook with each of the selected 2 ^(K)orthogonal sequences such that each of the selected orthogonal sequencesis associated with an index in the codebook. In some implementations,the UE 120 may determine which orthogonal sequence to use to convey thepayload based at least in part on converting a bit stream b₀, b₁, b₂, .. . ,b_(K−1) into a decimal number and mapping the decimal number to anindex of the codebook, as described in more detail with reference toFIG. 3.

The sets of indices 800 and 801 illustrate one technique of the presentdisclosure to determine the subset of orthogonal sequences from the setof M*N orthogonal sequences based at least in part on using twoindependent indices for each of the orthogonal matrix and the basesequence (e.g., the N1 indices in the DFT domain and M2 indices in theOCC domain are independent of each other). Alternatively, the UE 120 mayselect the subset of orthogonal sequences based at least in part onusing a set of joint indices that correspond to indices in each of theorthogonal matrix and the base sequence, as described in more detailwith reference to FIG. 9.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a set of indices 900 that supportsorthogonal sequence generation for multi-bit payloads, in accordancewith the present disclosure. In some examples, the set of indices 900may correspond to a circular visualization of a set of j oint indicesthat correspond to indices of the orthogonal matrix and the basesequence. For example, the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, mayselect the indices of the orthogonal matrix and the base sequencejointly. As described herein, the row and column indices of theorthogonal matrix may be defined as n=0,1,2, . . . , N−1 and the OCCindices of the base sequence may be defined as p=0,1,2, . . . , P−1. Insome examples, the set of joint indices j may be constructed based atleast in part on the two separate indices n and p. For instance, in somespecific examples, the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, maydetermine a set of joint indices j, where j=n*P+p or j=p*N+n.Accordingly, the set of joint indices may be defined as j=0,1,2, . . .,(N*P)−1.

In some implementations, the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both,may select a subset of the indices j=0,1,2,3, . . . ,(N*P)−1 based atleast in part on the number of bits in the payload. For example, if thepayload includes K bits, the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both,may select a subset of the joint indices j. In some specific examples,the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, may select 2^(K) indices ofthe set of joint indices j.

The UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, may select the subset ofthe set of joint indices (e.g., the 2^(K) joint indices) from a startingindex 905, such as j₀ and based at least in part on an index interval910, which may refer to an index spacing or an offset between twonearest selected indices. In some examples, the base station 110 maysignal an indication of the starting index 905 to the UE 120.Additionally, in some examples, the base station 110 may signal anindication of the index interval 910 to the UE 120. In such examples,the UE 120 may use the signaled starting index 905 and the signaledindex interval 910 to select the subset of 2^(K) joint indices.

Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 120 may determine or derive theindex interval 910 based at least in part on a function (e.g., arounding function or operation). For instance, the UE 120 may determinethe index interval 910, defined as j_(offset),based at least in part ona floor function as described by Equation 8, shown below.

j _(offset)=floor(P*N/2^(K))   (8)

The UE 120 may determine the index interval 910 based at least in parton Equation 8, and may determine the subset of 2^(K) joint indices basedat least in part on the signaled starting index 905 and the determinedindex interval 910. In some examples, the UE 120 may determine thesubset of joint indices based at least in part on progressively addingthe index interval 910 to the starting index 905. For example, the UE120 may determine the subset of j oint indices based at least in part onEquation 9, shown below.

j _(i) =j ₀+(i*j _(offset))   (9)

As shown in Equation 9, j_(i) corresponds to an i^(th) joint index j, j₀is the starting index, i=1,2,3, . . . ,2^(K)−1, and j_(offset) is theindex interval 910. Accordingly, the UE 120 or the base station 110, orboth, may determine a subset of joint indices including j₀,j₁, . . .,j_(i), . . . j₂ _(K) ⁻¹, as shown in FIG. 9.

In some examples, each joint index j may map to a pair of indices (n,p)(e.g., each joint index j may be constructed based at least in part onan index n and an index p), where n maps to OFDM symbols of the resourceallocation and p maps to frequency tones of the resource allocation,depending on how the set of joint indices j is defined. For instance, inthe case that j=p*N+n, the index j may map to (n,p) in a frequencyfirst, time second manner. In other words, as j increments tosuccessively higher integers, p may likewise increment to differentintegers until p=0 or p=P−1, at which point p is reset to P−1 or zero,respectively, and n is incremented by one, and so on. In the case thatj=n*P+p, the index j may map to (n,p) in a time first, frequency secondmanner. In other words, as j increments to successively higher integers,n may likewise increment to different integers until n=N−1, at whichpoint n is reset to zero and m is incremented by one, and so on. As aresult, in either case, each value of joint index j may correspond to aunique (n,p) pair and the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, maydetermine an orthogonal sequence corresponding to the Kronecker productof the row or column index n of the orthogonal matrix and the OCC indexp of the base sequence for each of the selected joint index j (e.g., foreach of the selected 2^(K) joint indices).

Accordingly, the UE 120 or the base station 110, or both, may determinea subset of orthogonal sequences based at least in part on the number ofbits in the payload. As described herein, the UE 120 or the base station110, or both, may construct a codebook including the subset oforthogonal sequences such that each orthogonal sequence is associatedwith an index in the constructed codebook. The UE 120 may select anorthogonal sequence from the constructed codebook of the subset oforthogonal sequences based at least in part on a bit streamb₀,b₁,b₂,b_(K−1) of the payload. For example, the UE 120 may convert thebit stream into a number or an index corresponding to an index in theconstructed codebook. As a result, the UE 120 may use the orthogonalsequence associated with the index corresponding to (i.e., matching) thenumber or index that was determined based at least in part on the bitstream to convey the payload across the allocated resources, asdescribed in more detail with reference to FIG. 3.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a process flow 1000 that supportsorthogonal sequence generation for multi-bit payloads, in accordancewith the present disclosure. In some examples, the process flow 1000 mayimplement aspects of wireless network 100 and wireless communicationssystem 300. The process flow 1000 may illustrate communication between aUE 120 and a base station 110. The UE 120 or the base station 110, orboth, may generate a set of orthogonal sequences based at least in parton a time-domain orthogonal base sequence and determine a subset of theorthogonal sequences from the set of orthogonal sequences. Further, theUE 120 may select an orthogonal sequence from the subset of orthogonalsequences and transmit a payload to the base station 110 using theselected orthogonal sequence.

At 1005, the UE 120 may identify a set of orthogonal sequences forconveying a payload including a number of bits. In some examples, the UE120 may determine the number of orthogonal sequences in the set oforthogonal sequences based at least in part on the number of timeperiods (e.g., OFDM symbol periods) and a number of frequency tones(e.g., subcarriers) that the UE 120 may use for conveying the payload.For example, the UE 120 may generate the set of orthogonal sequencesusing an OCC base sequence in the time domain, such as an OCC pi/2 BPSKsequence in the time domain. In some aspects, the number of time periodsand frequency tones that the UE 120 may use to convey the payload arepart of a set of resources allocated to the UE 120 by the base station110.

At 1005, the base station 110, in some implementations, may similarlyidentify the set of orthogonal sequences for conveying the payloadincluding the number of bits. In some examples, the base station 110 maydetermine the number of orthogonal sequences in the set of orthogonalsequences based at least in part on the number of time periods (e.g.,OFDM symbol periods) and a number of frequency tones (e.g., subcarriers)that the UE 120 may use for conveying the payload. In some aspects, thenumber of time periods and frequency tones that the UE 120 may use toconvey the payload are part of a set of resources allocated to the UE120 by the base station 110.

As described herein, identifying the set of orthogonal sequences mayinclude generating the set of orthogonal sequences based at least inpart on a product of an orthogonal matrix having a size corresponding tothe number of time periods and an OCC cell-specific sequence (e.g., abase sequence) in the time domain having a length corresponding to thenumber of frequency tones. In some implementations, the orthogonalmatrix may be a DFT matrix and the product may be a Kronecker product.Additional details of the identification or generation of the set oforthogonal sequences are described with reference to FIGS. 4-7.

At 1010, the base station 110 may, in some implementations, determine asubset of the set of orthogonal sequences for conveying the payload. Insome examples, the size of the subset of the set of orthogonal sequencesis based at least in part on the number of bits in the payload. Forexample, the base station 110 may identify that the payload includes Kbits and may determine a number of orthogonal sequences from the set oforthogonal sequences based at least in part on K. In someimplementations, the base station 110 may determine a subset of 2^(K)orthogonal sequences. Additionally, in some examples, the base station110 may select the subset of the set of orthogonal sequences based atleast in part on a pair of independent sets of indices corresponding toindices of the orthogonal matrix and the OCC base sequence in the timedomain, or based at least in part on a set of joint indices constructedbased at least in part on the indices of the orthogonal matrix and theOCC base sequence in the time domain. The base station 110 may selectindices from the independent sets of indices or from the set of jointindices based at least in part on a starting index and an index interval(e.g., an index spacing or offset) that may be based at least in part ona maximum index interval between the selected indices. Additionaldetails of the determination of the subset of the set of orthogonalsequences are described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9.

At 1015, the base station 110 may signal an indication of at least onestarting index to the UE 120. In some examples, the base station 110 maytransmit an indication of a first starting index or an indication of asecond starting index, or both, that the UE 120 may use to identify twostarting indices in the pair of independent sets of indices, asdescribed in more detail with reference to FIG. 8. In some otherexamples, the base station 110 may transmit an indication of a thirdstarting index to the UE 120 that the UE 120 may use to identify astarting index in the set of joint indices, as described in more detailwith reference to FIG. 9.

At 1020, the base station 110 may optionally signal an indication of atleast one index interval to the UE 120. In some examples, the basestation 110 may transmit an indication of a first index interval or asecond index interval, or both, that the UE 120 may use to determine anumber of indices of the orthogonal matrix or the OCC base sequence, orboth, as described in more detail with reference to FIG. 8. In someother examples, the base station 110 may transmit an indication of athird index interval to the UE 120 that the UE 120 may use to determinea number of indices of the set of joint indices, as described in moredetail with reference to FIG. 9. In some implementations, the basestation 110 may refrain from transmitting an indication of an indexinterval to the UE 120 and, in such implementations, the UE 120 maydetermine the first index interval or the second index interval, orboth, or determine the third index interval based at least in part ondetermining a maximum index interval, as also described in more detailwith reference to FIG. 9.

At 1025, the UE 120 may select a subset of the set of orthogonalsequences for conveying the payload. In some examples, the size of thesubset of the set of orthogonal sequences is based at least in part onthe number of bits in the payload. For example, the UE 120 may identifythat the payload includes K bits and may determine a number oforthogonal sequences from the set of orthogonal sequences based at leastin part on K. In some implementations, the UE 120 may determine a subsetof 2^(K) orthogonal sequences. The UE 120 may select the subset of theset of orthogonal sequences based at least in part on the determined oneor more starting indices and the determined one or more index intervals.In some examples, the UE 120 may construct a codebook and include thesubset of the set of orthogonal sequences in the constructed codebook.Additional details of the selection of the subset of the set oforthogonal sequences are described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9.

At 1030, the UE 120 may select a sequence from the subset of the set oforthogonal sequences based at least in part on a mapping between thesubset of the set of orthogonal sequences and the number of bits in thepayload. In some examples, the UE 120 may identify a bit stream of thepayload and convert the bit stream into a decimal number correspondingto an index in the constructed codebook including the subset of the setof orthogonal sequences, where each sequence in the subset of the set oforthogonal sequences is associated with an index in the codebook.Accordingly, the UE 120 may select the sequence that is associated withan index corresponding to the determined decimal number.

At 1035, the UE 120 may transmit the selected sequence. The base station110 may receive the selected sequence. The base station 110 maydetermine the payload including the number of bits by reference to theselected sequence, such as based at least in part on a mapping.

Although FIG. 10 shows example blocks of the process flow 1000, in someaspects, the process flow 1000 may include additional blocks, fewerblocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than thosedepicted in FIG. 10. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of theblocks of the process flow 1000 may be performed in parallel.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of an example method 1100 of wirelesscommunication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The method1100 may be performed by, for example, a UE (e.g., UE 120 and/or thelike). Dashed boxes in FIGS. 11 and 12 may indicate optional steps.

At 1110, the UE may identify (e.g., generate, receive informationidentifying, be configured with) a set of orthogonal sequences forconveying a payload comprising a plurality of bits. For example, the UE(e.g., using antenna 252, DEMOD 254, MIMO detector 256, receiveprocessor 258, controller/processor 280, and/or the like) may identify aset of orthogonal sequences for conveying a payload comprising aplurality of bits, as described above in connection with FIGS. 3-9 andat 405, 410, 530, 550, 630, 640, 705, 800, 801, and 900. In someaspects, the set of orthogonal sequences are generated based at least inpart on a plurality of orthogonal sequences before transform precodingfor transmission (e.g., a plurality of orthogonal sequences in a timedomain). In some aspects, an orthogonal base sequence of the pluralityof orthogonal base sequences uses a time-domain pi/2 binary phase shiftkeying (BPSK) base sequence. In some aspects, the orthogonal basesequence is generated using a product of a base sequence and ablock-wise orthogonal cover code.

In some aspects, the orthogonal base sequence is generated using aproduct of a base sequence and a block-wise orthogonal cover code. Insome aspects, the block-wise orthogonal cover code includes a pluralityof blocks, the plurality of blocks correspond to respective orthogonalcover code values, and an orthogonal cover code value corresponding to agiven block is combined with a corresponding group of elements of thebase sequence based at least in part on the product. In some aspects,the product is an element-wise product.

In some aspects, the orthogonal base sequence is generated using aproduct of a base sequence and an element-wise orthogonal cover code. Insome aspects, an orthogonal cover code value corresponding to a givenelement of the orthogonal base sequence is combined with a correspondingelement of the base sequence based at least in part on the product. Insome aspects, the product is an element-wise product.

In some aspects, a number of the plurality of orthogonal sequences isbased at least in part on a number of time periods for conveying thepayload and a number of frequency tones for conveying the payload.

At 1120, the UE may generate the set of orthogonal sequences based atleast in part on a product of an orthogonal matrix having a sizecorresponding to the number of time periods and the plurality oforthogonal sequences. For example, the UE (e.g., usingcontroller/processor 280, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266,MOD 254, antenna 252, and/or the like) may generate the set oforthogonal sequences based at least in part on a product of anorthogonal matrix having a size corresponding to the number of timeperiods and an orthogonal sequence before transform precoding fortransmission, as described above in connection with FIGS. 4 and 7 at 410and 705. In some aspects, the product of the orthogonal matrix and theorthogonal base sequence is a Kronecker product and the orthogonalmatrix comprises a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) matrix.

At 1130, the UE may select a subset of the set of orthogonal sequencesfor conveying the payload, wherein a size of the subset of the set oforthogonal sequences is based at least in part on a number of theplurality of bits. For example, the UE (e.g., using controller/processor280, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, MOD 254, antenna252, and/or the like) may select a subset of the set of orthogonalsequences for conveying the payload, as described above in connectionwith FIGS. 3-9 and at 405, 410, 530, 550, 630, 640, 705, 800, 801, and900. In some aspects, a size of the subset of the set of orthogonalsequences is based at least in part on a number of the plurality ofbits.

At 1140, the UE may select a sequence from the subset of the set oforthogonal sequences based at least in part on a mapping between thesubset of the set of orthogonal sequences and the plurality of bits. Forexample, the UE (e.g., using antenna 252, DEMOD 254, MIMO detector 256,receive processor 258, controller/processor 280, and/or the like) mayselect a sequence from the subset of the set of orthogonal sequencesbased at least in part on a mapping between the subset of the set oforthogonal sequences and the plurality of bits, as described above inconnection with FIGS. 8 and 9 and at 800, 801, and 900.

At 1150, the UE may transmit the selected sequence. For example, the UE(e.g., using controller/processor 280, transmit processor 264, TX MIMOprocessor 266, MOD 254, antenna 252, and/or the like) may transmit theselected sequence, as described above in connection with FIG. 3 and at305. In some aspects, the payload comprising the plurality of bitscomprises an uplink control information message.

Although FIG. 11 shows example blocks of method 1100, in some aspects,method 1100 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, differentblocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 11.Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of method 1100may be performed in parallel.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart of an example method 1200 of wirelesscommunication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The method1200 may be performed by, for example, a base station (e.g., basestation 110 and/or the like).

At 1210, the base station may identify a set of orthogonal sequences forconveying a payload comprising a plurality of bits. For example, thebase station (e.g., using controller/processor 240, transmit processor220, TX MIMO processor 230, MOD 232, antenna 234, and/or the like) mayidentify a set of orthogonal sequences for conveying a payloadcomprising a plurality of bits, as described above in connection withFIGS. 3-10 and at 405, 410, 530, 550, 630, 640, 705, 800, 801, 900, and1005. In some aspects, the set of orthogonal sequences are generatedbased at least in part on a plurality of orthogonal sequences prior totransform precoding for transmission. In some aspects, the plurality oforthogonal sequences use a time-domain pi/2 binary phase shift keying(BPSK) base sequence.

In some aspects, the plurality of orthogonal sequences are generatedusing a product of a base sequence and a block-wise orthogonal covercode. In some aspects, the block-wise orthogonal cover code includes aplurality of blocks, the plurality of blocks correspond to respectiveorthogonal cover code values, and an orthogonal cover code valuecorresponding to a given block is combined with a corresponding group ofelements of the base sequence based at least in part on the product. Insome aspects, the product is an element-wise product.

In some aspects, the plurality of orthogonal sequences are generatedusing a product of a base sequence and an element-wise orthogonal covercode. In some aspects, an orthogonal cover code value corresponding to agiven element of the orthogonal base sequence is combined with acorresponding element of the base sequence based at least in part on theproduct. In some aspects, the product is an element-wise product.

In some aspects, a number of the plurality of orthogonal sequences isbased at least in part on a number of time periods for conveying thepayload and a number of frequency tones for conveying the payload.

At 1220, the base station may generate the set of orthogonal sequencesbased at least in part on a product of an orthogonal matrix having asize corresponding to the number of time periods and the plurality oforthogonal sequences. For example, the base station (e.g., usingcontroller/processor 240, transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230,MOD 232, antenna 234, and/or the like) may generate the set oforthogonal sequences based at least in part on a product of anorthogonal matrix having a size corresponding to the number of timeperiods and the plurality of orthogonal sequences, as described inconnection with FIGS. 4, 5, 6, and 10 at 410, 530, 540, 630, 640, and1005. In some aspects, the product of the orthogonal matrix and theplurality of orthogonal sequences is a Kronecker product and theorthogonal matrix comprises a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) matrix.

At 1230, the base station may determine a subset of the set oforthogonal sequences for conveying the payload, wherein a size of thesubset of the set of orthogonal sequences is based at least in part on anumber of the plurality of bits. For example, the base station (e.g.,using controller/processor 240, transmit processor 220, TX MIMOprocessor 230, MOD 232, antenna 234, and/or the like) may determine asubset of the set of orthogonal sequences for conveying the payload, asdescribed above in connection with FIGS. 3-10 and at 405, 410, 530, 550,630, 640, 705, 800, 801, 900, and 1010. In some aspects, a size of thesubset of the set of orthogonal sequences is based at least in part on anumber of the plurality of bits.

At 1240, the base station may receive a selected sequence from thesubset of the set of orthogonal sequences, wherein the selected sequenceis based at least in part on a mapping between the subset of theplurality of orthogonal sequences and the plurality of bits. Forexample, the base station (e.g., using antenna 234, DEMOD 232, MIMOdetector 236, receive processor 238, controller/processor 240, and/orthe like) may receive a selected sequence from the subset of theplurality of orthogonal sequences, as described above in connection withFIGS. 3 and 10 and at 305 and 1035. In some aspects, the selectedsequence is based at least in part on a mapping between the subset ofthe plurality of orthogonal sequences and the plurality of bits. In someaspects, the payload comprising the plurality of bits comprises anuplink control information message.

Although FIG. 12 shows example blocks of method 1200, in some aspects,method 1200 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, differentblocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in FIG. 12.Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of method 1200may be performed in parallel.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an example apparatus 1300 for wirelesscommunication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus1300 may be a UE, or a UE may include the apparatus 1300. In someaspects, the apparatus 1300 includes a reception component 1302 and atransmission component 1304, which may be in communication with oneanother (for example, via one or more buses and/or one or more othercomponents). As shown, the apparatus 1300 may communicate with anotherapparatus 1306 (such as a UE, a base station, or another wirelesscommunication device) using the reception component 1302 and thetransmission component 1304. As further shown, the apparatus 1300 mayinclude one or more of an identification component 1308 or a selectioncomponent 1310, among other examples.

In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one ormore operations described herein in connection with FIGS. 3-10.Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1300 may be configured toperform one or more processes described herein, such as method 1100 ofFIG. 11. In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 and/or one or morecomponents shown in FIG. 13 may include one or more components of the UEdescribed above in connection with FIG. 2. Additionally, oralternatively, one or more components shown in FIG. 13 may beimplemented within one or more components described above in connectionwith FIG. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components ofthe set of components may be implemented at least in part as softwarestored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of acomponent) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in anon-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controlleror a processor to perform the functions or operations of the component.

The reception component 1302 may receive communications, such asreference signals, control information, data communications, or acombination thereof, from the apparatus 1306. The reception component1302 may provide received communications to one or more other componentsof the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the reception component 1302 mayperform signal processing on the received communications (such asfiltering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion,demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interferencecancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide theprocessed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus1306. In some aspects, the reception component 1302 may include one ormore antennas, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, acontroller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the UEdescribed above in connection with FIG. 2.

The transmission component 1304 may transmit communications, such asreference signals, control information, data communications, or acombination thereof, to the apparatus 1306. In some aspects, one or moreother components of the apparatus 1306 may generate communications andmay provide the generated communications to the transmission component1304 for transmission to the apparatus 1306. In some aspects, thetransmission component 1304 may perform signal processing on thegenerated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation,digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, orencoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signalsto the apparatus 1306. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304may include one or more antennas, a modulator, a transmit MIMOprocessor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or acombination thereof, of the UE described above in connection with FIG.2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 may be co-locatedwith the reception component 1302 in a transceiver.

The identification component 1308 may identify a set of orthogonalsequences for conveying a payload comprising a plurality of bits,wherein the plurality of orthogonal sequences are generated based atleast in part on a plurality of orthogonal sequences in a time domain.The selection component 1310 may select a subset of the set oforthogonal sequences for conveying the payload, wherein a size of thesubset of the set of orthogonal sequences is based at least in part on anumber of the plurality of bits. The selection component 1310 mayadditionally or alternatively select a sequence from the subset of theset of orthogonal sequences based at least in part on a mapping betweenthe subset of the plurality of orthogonal sequences and the plurality ofbits. The transmission component 1304 may transmit the selectedsequence.

The number and arrangement of components shown in FIG. 13 are providedas an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewercomponents, different components, or differently arranged componentsthan those shown in FIG. 13. Furthermore, two or more components shownin FIG. 13 may be implemented within a single component, or a singlecomponent shown in FIG. 13 may be implemented as multiple, distributedcomponents. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more)components shown in FIG. 13 may perform one or more functions describedas being performed by another set of components shown in FIG. 13.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example 1400 of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus 1405 employing a processing system 1410,in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1405 may be aUE.

The processing system 1410 may be implemented with a bus architecture,represented generally by the bus 1415. The bus 1415 may include anynumber of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specificapplication of the processing system 1410 and the overall designconstraints. The bus 1415 links together various circuits including oneor more processors and/or hardware components, represented by theprocessor 1420, the illustrated components, and the computer-readablemedium/memory 1425. The bus 1415 may also link various other circuits,such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, powermanagement circuits, and/or the like.

The processing system 1410 may be coupled to a transceiver 1430. Thetransceiver 1430 is coupled to one or more antennas 1435. Thetransceiver 1430 provides a means for communicating with various otherapparatuses over a transmission medium. The transceiver 1430 receives asignal from the one or more antennas 1435, extracts information from thereceived signal, and provides the extracted information to theprocessing system 1410, specifically the reception component 1302. Inaddition, the transceiver 1430 receives information from the processingsystem 1410, specifically the transmission component 1304, and generatesa signal to be applied to the one or more antennas 1435 based at leastin part on the received information.

The processing system 1410 includes a processor 1420 coupled to acomputer-readable medium/memory 1425. The processor 1420 is responsiblefor general processing, including the execution of software stored onthe computer-readable medium/memory 1425. The software, when executed bythe processor 1420, causes the processing system 1410 to perform thevarious functions described herein for any particular apparatus. Thecomputer-readable medium/memory 1425 may also be used for storing datathat is manipulated by the processor 1420 when executing software. Theprocessing system further includes at least one of the illustratedcomponents. The components may be software modules running in theprocessor 1420, resident/stored in the computer readable medium/memory1425, one or more hardware modules coupled to the processor 1420, orsome combination thereof.

In some aspects, the processing system 1410 may be a component of the UE120 and may include the memory 282 and/or at least one of the TX MIMOprocessor 266, the RX processor 258, and/or the controller/processor280. In some aspects, the apparatus 1405 for wireless communicationincludes means for identifying a set of orthogonal sequences forconveying a payload comprising a plurality of bits, wherein the set oforthogonal sequences are generated based at least in part on a pluralityof orthogonal sequences in a time domain; means for selecting a subsetof the plurality of orthogonal sequences for conveying the payload,wherein a size of the subset of the plurality of orthogonal sequences isbased at least in part on a number of the plurality of bits; means forselecting a sequence from the subset of the plurality of orthogonalsequences based at least in part on a mapping between the subset of theplurality of orthogonal sequences and the plurality of bits; and meansfor transmitting the payload comprising the plurality of bits using theselected sequence. The aforementioned means may be one or more of theaforementioned components of the apparatus 1300 and/or the processingsystem 1410 of the apparatus 1405 configured to perform the functionsrecited by the aforementioned means. As described elsewhere herein, theprocessing system 1410 may include the TX MIMO processor 266, the RXprocessor 258, and/or the controller/processor 280. In oneconfiguration, the aforementioned means may be the TX MIMO processor266, the RX processor 258, and/or the controller/processor 280configured to perform the functions and/or operations recited herein.

FIG. 14 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from whatis described in connection with FIG. 14.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an example apparatus 1500 for wirelesscommunication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus1500 may be a base station, or a base station may include the apparatus1500. In some aspects, the apparatus 1500 includes a reception component1502 and a transmission component 1504, which may be in communicationwith one another (for example, via one or more buses and/or one or moreother components). As shown, the apparatus 1500 may communicate withanother apparatus 1506 (such as a UE, a base station, or anotherwireless communication device) using the reception component 1502 andthe transmission component 1504. As further shown, the apparatus 1500may include one or more of an identification component 1508 and adetermination component 1510, among other examples.

In some aspects, the apparatus 1500 may be configured to perform one ormore operations described herein in connection with FIGS. 3-10.Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1500 may be configured toperform one or more processes described herein, such as method 1200 ofFIG. 12. In some aspects, the apparatus 1500 and/or one or morecomponents shown in FIG. 15 may include one or more components of thebase station described above in connection with FIG. 2. Additionally, oralternatively, one or more components shown in FIG. 15 may beimplemented within one or more components described above in connectionwith FIG. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components ofthe set of components may be implemented at least in part as softwarestored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of acomponent) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in anon-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controlleror a processor to perform the functions or operations of the component.

The reception component 1502 may receive communications, such asreference signals, control information, data communications, or acombination thereof, from the apparatus 1506. The reception component1502 may provide received communications to one or more other componentsof the apparatus 1500. In some aspects, the reception component 1502 mayperform signal processing on the received communications (such asfiltering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion,demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interferencecancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide theprocessed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus1506. In some aspects, the reception component 1502 may include one ormore antennas, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, acontroller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the basestation described above in connection with FIG. 2.

The transmission component 1504 may transmit communications, such asreference signals, control information, data communications, or acombination thereof, to the apparatus 1506. In some aspects, one or moreother components of the apparatus 1506 may generate communications andmay provide the generated communications to the transmission component1504 for transmission to the apparatus 1506. In some aspects, thetransmission component 1504 may perform signal processing on thegenerated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation,digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, orencoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signalsto the apparatus 1506. In some aspects, the transmission component 1504may include one or more antennas, a modulator, a transmit MIMOprocessor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or acombination thereof, of the base station described above in connectionwith FIG. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1504 may beco-located with the reception component 1502 in a transceiver.

The identification component 1508 may identify a set of orthogonalsequences for conveying a payload comprising a plurality of bits,wherein the set of orthogonal sequences are generated based at least inpart on a plurality of orthogonal sequences prior to transform precodingfor transmission. The determination component 1510 may determine asubset of the set of orthogonal sequences for conveying the payload,wherein a size of the subset of the set of orthogonal sequences is basedat least in part on a number of the plurality of bits. The receptioncomponent 1502 may receive a selected sequence from the subset of theplurality of orthogonal sequences, wherein the selected sequence isbased at least in part on a mapping between the subset of the set oforthogonal sequences and the plurality of bits.

The number and arrangement of components shown in FIG. 15 are providedas an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewercomponents, different components, or differently arranged componentsthan those shown in FIG. 15. Furthermore, two or more components shownin FIG. 15 may be implemented within a single component, or a singlecomponent shown in FIG. 15 may be implemented as multiple, distributedcomponents. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more)components shown in FIG. 15 may perform one or more functions describedas being performed by another set of components shown in FIG. 15.

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example 1600 of a hardwareimplementation for an apparatus 1605 employing a processing system 1610,in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1605 may be abase station.

The processing system 1610 may be implemented with a bus architecture,represented generally by the bus 1615. The bus 1615 may include anynumber of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specificapplication of the processing system 1610 and the overall designconstraints. The bus 1615 links together various circuits including oneor more processors and/or hardware components, represented by theprocessor 1620, the illustrated components, and the computer-readablemedium/memory 1625. The bus 1615 may also link various other circuits,such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, powermanagement circuits, and/or the like.

The processing system 1610 may be coupled to a transceiver 1630. Thetransceiver 1630 is coupled to one or more antennas 1635. Thetransceiver 1630 provides a means for communicating with various otherapparatuses over a transmission medium. The transceiver 1630 receives asignal from the one or more antennas 1635, extracts information from thereceived signal, and provides the extracted information to theprocessing system 1610, specifically the reception component 1502. Inaddition, the transceiver 1630 receives information from the processingsystem 1610, specifically the transmission component 1504, and generatesa signal to be applied to the one or more antennas 1635 based at leastin part on the received information.

The processing system 1610 includes a processor 1620 coupled to acomputer-readable medium/memory 1625. The processor 1620 is responsiblefor general processing, including the execution of software stored onthe computer-readable medium/memory 1625. The software, when executed bythe processor 1620, causes the processing system 1610 to perform thevarious functions described herein for any particular apparatus. Thecomputer-readable medium/memory 1625 may also be used for storing datathat is manipulated by the processor 1620 when executing software. Theprocessing system further includes at least one of the illustratedcomponents. The components may be software modules running in theprocessor 1620, resident/stored in the computer readable medium/memory1625, one or more hardware modules coupled to the processor 1620, orsome combination thereof.

In some aspects, the processing system 1610 may be a component of thebase station 110 and may include the memory 242 and/or at least one ofthe TX MIMO processor 230, the RX processor 238, and/or thecontroller/processor 240. In some aspects, the apparatus 1605 forwireless communication includes means for identifying a plurality oforthogonal sequences for conveying a payload comprising a plurality ofbits, wherein the plurality of orthogonal sequences are generated basedat least in part on a plurality of orthogonal base sequences in a timedomain; means for determining a subset of the plurality of orthogonalsequences for conveying the payload, wherein a size of the subset of theplurality of orthogonal sequences is based at least in part on a numberof the plurality of bits; and means for receiving the payload comprisingthe plurality of bits using a selected sequence from the subset of theplurality of orthogonal sequences, wherein the selected sequence isbased at least in part on a mapping between the subset of the pluralityof orthogonal sequences and the plurality of bits. The aforementionedmeans may be one or more of the aforementioned components of theapparatus 1500 and/or the processing system 1610 of the apparatus 1605configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.As described elsewhere herein, the processing system 1610 may includethe TX MIMO processor 230, the receive processor 238, and/or thecontroller/processor 240. In one configuration, the aforementioned meansmay be the TX MIMO processor 230, the receive processor 238, and/or thecontroller/processor 240 configured to perform the functions and/oroperations recited herein.

FIG. 16 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from whatis described in connection with FIG. 16.

The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the presentdisclosure:

Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a userequipment (UE), comprising: identifying a set of orthogonal sequencesfor conveying a payload comprising a plurality of bits, wherein theplurality of orthogonal sequences are generated based at least in parton a plurality of orthogonal sequences prior to transform precoding fortransmission; selecting a subset of the set of orthogonal sequences forconveying the payload, wherein a size of the subset of the set oforthogonal sequences for conveying the payload is based at least in parton a number of the plurality of bits; selecting a sequence from thesubset of the set of orthogonal sequences for conveying the payloadbased at least in part on a mapping between the subset of the set oforthogonal sequences for conveying the payload and the plurality ofbits; and transmitting the payload comprising the plurality of bitsusing the selected sequence.

Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the plurality of orthogonalsequences in the time domain are generated using a product of a basesequence and a plurality of block-wise orthogonal cover codes.

Aspect 3: The method of Aspect 2, wherein the plurality of orthogonalsequences use a time-domain pi/2 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) basesequence.

Aspect 4: The method of Aspect 2, wherein a block-wise orthogonal covercode, of the plurality of block-wise orthogonal cover codes, includes aplurality of blocks, wherein the plurality of blocks correspond torespective orthogonal cover code values, and wherein an orthogonal covercode value corresponding to a given block is combined with acorresponding group of elements of the base sequence based at least inpart on the product.

Aspect 5: The method of Aspect 2, wherein the product is an element-wiseproduct.

Aspect 6: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the plurality of orthogonalsequences are generated using a product of a base sequence and anelement-wise orthogonal cover code.

Aspect 7: The method of Aspect 6, wherein an orthogonal cover code valuecorresponding to a given element of the plurality of orthogonalsequences is combined with a corresponding element of the base sequencebased at least in part on the product.

Aspect 8: The method of Aspect 6, wherein the product is an element-wiseproduct.

Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, wherein a number of the setof orthogonal sequences for conveying the payload is based at least inpart on a number of time periods for conveying the payload and a numberof frequency tones for conveying the payload.

Aspect 10: The method of Aspect 9, further comprising: generating theset of orthogonal sequences for conveying the payload based at least inpart on a product of an orthogonal matrix having a size corresponding tothe number of time periods and the plurality of orthogonal sequences.

Aspect 11: The method of Aspect 10, wherein the product of theorthogonal matrix and the plurality of orthogonal sequences is aKronecker product and the orthogonal matrix comprises a discrete Fouriertransform (DFT) matrix.

Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 1-11, wherein the payloadcomprising the plurality of bits comprises an uplink control informationmessage.

Aspect 13: A method of wireless communication performed by a basestation, comprising: identifying a set of orthogonal sequences forconveying a payload comprising a plurality of bits, wherein theplurality of orthogonal sequences are generated based at least in parton a plurality of orthogonal sequences prior to transform precoding fortransmission; determining a subset of the set of orthogonal sequencesfor conveying the payload, wherein a size of the subset of the pluralityof orthogonal sequences is based at least in part on a number of theplurality of bits; and receiving the payload comprising the plurality ofbits using a selected sequence from the subset of the plurality oforthogonal sequences, wherein the selected sequence is based at least inpart on a mapping between the subset of the plurality of orthogonalsequences and the plurality of bits.

Aspect 14: The method of Aspect 13, wherein the plurality of orthogonalsequences in the time domain are generated using a product of a basesequence and a plurality of block-wise orthogonal cover codes.

Aspect 15: The method of Aspect 14, wherein the plurality of orthogonalsequences use a time-domain pi/2 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) basesequence.

Aspect 16: The method of Aspect 14, wherein a block-wise orthogonalcover code, of the plurality of block-wise orthogonal cover codes,includes a plurality of blocks, wherein the plurality of blockscorrespond to respective orthogonal cover code values, and wherein anorthogonal cover code value corresponding to a given block is combinedwith a corresponding group of elements of the base sequence based atleast in part on the product.

Aspect 17: The method of Aspect 14, wherein the product is anelement-wise product.

Aspect 18: The method of Aspect 13, wherein the plurality of orthogonalsequences are generated using a product of a base sequence and anelement-wise orthogonal cover code.

Aspect 19: The method of Aspect 18, wherein an orthogonal cover codevalue corresponding to a given element of the orthogonal base sequenceis combined with a corresponding element of the base sequence based atleast in part on the product.

Aspect 20: The method of Aspect 18, wherein the product is anelement-wise product.

Aspect 21: The method of any of Aspects 13-20, wherein a number of theset of orthogonal sequences for conveying the payload is based at leastin part on a number of time periods for conveying the payload and anumber of frequency tones for conveying the payload.

Aspect 22: The method of Aspect 21, further comprising: generating theset of orthogonal sequences for conveying the payload based at least inpart on a product of an orthogonal matrix having a size corresponding tothe number of time periods and the plurality of orthogonal sequences.

Aspect 23: The method of Aspect 22, wherein the product of theorthogonal matrix and the plurality of orthogonal sequences is aKronecker product and the orthogonal matrix comprises a discrete Fouriertransform (DFT) matrix.

Aspect 24: The method of any of Aspects 13-23, wherein the payloadcomprising the plurality of bits comprises an uplink control informationmessage.

Aspect 25: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device,comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; andinstructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor tocause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects1-12.

Aspect 26: A device for wireless communication, comprising a memory andone or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processorsconfigured to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-12.

Aspect 27: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at leastone means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-12.

Aspect 28: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code forwireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by aprocessor to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-12.

Aspect 29: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set ofinstructions for wireless communication, the set of instructionscomprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or moreprocessors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one ormore of Aspects 1-12.

Aspect 30: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device,comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; andinstructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor tocause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects13-24.

Aspect 31: A device for wireless communication, comprising a memory andone or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processorsconfigured to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 13-24.

Aspect 32: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at leastone means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 13-24.

Aspect 33: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code forwireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by aprocessor to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 13-24.

Aspect 34: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set ofinstructions for wireless communication, the set of instructionscomprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or moreprocessors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one ormore of Aspects 13-24.

The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, but isnot intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the preciseforms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light ofthe above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.

As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construedas hardware, firmware, and/or a combination of hardware and software. Asused herein, a processor is implemented in hardware, firmware, and/or acombination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systemsand/or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms ofhardware, firmware, and/or a combination of hardware and software. Theactual specialized control hardware or software code used to implementthese systems and/or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, theoperation and behavior of the systems and/or methods were describedherein without reference to specific software code—it being understoodthat software and hardware can be designed to implement the systemsand/or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein.

As used herein, satisfying a threshold may, depending on the context,refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equalto the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to thethreshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, or thelike.

Even though particular combinations of features are recited in theclaims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are notintended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. In fact, many ofthese features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in theclaims and/or disclosed in the specification. Although each dependentclaim listed below may directly depend on only one claim, the disclosureof various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination withevery other claim in the claim set. As used herein, a phrase referringto “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of thoseitems, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b,or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well asany combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a,a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or anyother ordering of a, b, and c).

No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed ascritical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as usedherein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or moreitems and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Further, asused herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more itemsreferenced in connection with the article “the” and may be usedinterchangeably with “the one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, theterms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items (e.g.,related items, unrelated items, or a combination of related andunrelated items), and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.”Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similarlanguage is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,”“having,” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms. Further, thephrase “based at least in part on” is intended to mean “based, at leastin part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein,the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and maybe used interchangeably with “and/or,” unless explicitly statedotherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of”).

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a userequipment (UE), comprising: at least one processor; and at least onememory coupled with the at least one processor and storing computerexecutable code that, when executed by the at least one processor, isconfigured to cause the apparatus to: identify a set of orthogonalsequences for conveying a payload comprising a plurality of bits,wherein the set of orthogonal sequences are generated based at least inpart on a plurality of orthogonal sequences prior to transform precodingfor transmission; select a subset of the set of orthogonal sequences forconveying the payload, wherein a size of the subset of the set oforthogonal sequences for conveying the payload is based at least in parton a number of the plurality of bits; select a sequence from the subsetof the set of orthogonal sequences for conveying the payload; andtransmit the selected sequence.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein theplurality of orthogonal sequences are generated using a product of abase sequence and a plurality of block-wise orthogonal cover codes. 3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein a block-wise orthogonal cover code, ofthe plurality of block-wise orthogonal cover codes, includes a pluralityof blocks, wherein the plurality of blocks correspond to respectiveorthogonal cover code values, and wherein an orthogonal cover code valuecorresponding to a given block is combined with a corresponding group ofelements of the base sequence based at least in part on the product. 4.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the product is an element-wiseproduct.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality oforthogonal sequences use a time-domain pi/2 binary phase shift keying(BPSK) base sequence.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pluralityof orthogonal sequences are generated using a product of a base sequenceand an element-wise orthogonal cover code.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6,wherein an orthogonal cover code value corresponding to a given elementof the plurality of orthogonal sequences is combined with acorresponding element of the base sequence based at least in part on theproduct.
 8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the product is anelement-wise product.
 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a number ofthe set of orthogonal sequences for conveying the payload is based atleast in part on a number of time periods for conveying the payload anda number of frequency tones for conveying the payload.
 10. The apparatusof claim 9, wherein the computer executable code, when executed by theat least one processor, causes the apparatus to: generate the set oforthogonal sequences for conveying the payload based at least in part ona product of an orthogonal matrix having a size corresponding to thenumber of time periods and the plurality of orthogonal sequences. 11.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the product of the orthogonal matrixand the plurality of orthogonal sequences is a Kronecker product and theorthogonal matrix comprises a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) matrix.12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the payload comprising theplurality of bits comprises an uplink control information message. 13.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the computer executable code, whenexecuted by the at least one processor to select the sequence, causesthe apparatus to: select the sequence from the subset of the set oforthogonal sequences for conveying the payload based at least in part ona mapping between the subset of the set of orthogonal sequences forconveying the payload and the plurality of bits.
 14. An apparatus forwireless communication at a base station, comprising: at least oneprocessor; and at least one memory coupled with the at least oneprocessor and storing computer executable code that, when executed bythe at least one processor, is configured to cause the apparatus to:identify a set of orthogonal sequences for conveying a payloadcomprising a plurality of bits, wherein the set of orthogonal sequencesare generated based at least in part on a set of orthogonal sequencesprior to transform precoding for transmission; determine a subset of theset of orthogonal sequences for conveying the payload, wherein a size ofthe subset of the plurality of orthogonal sequences is based at least inpart on a number of the plurality of bits; and receive a selectedsequence from the subset of the plurality of orthogonal sequences,wherein the selected sequence is based at least in part on a mappingbetween the subset of the plurality of orthogonal sequences and theplurality of bits.
 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the pluralityof orthogonal sequences are generated using a product of a base sequenceand a plurality of block-wise orthogonal cover codes.
 16. The apparatusof claim 15, wherein the plurality of orthogonal sequences use atime-domain pi/2 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) base sequence.
 17. Theapparatus of claim 15, wherein a block-wise orthogonal cover code, ofthe plurality of block-wise orthogonal cover codes, includes a pluralityof blocks, wherein the plurality of blocks correspond to respectiveorthogonal cover code values, and wherein an orthogonal cover code valuecorresponding to a given block is combined with a corresponding group ofelements of the base sequence based at least in part on the product. 18.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the product is an element-wiseproduct.
 19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the plurality oforthogonal sequences are generated using a product of a base sequenceand an element-wise orthogonal cover code.
 20. The apparatus of claim19, wherein an orthogonal cover code value corresponding to a givenelement of the base sequence is combined with a corresponding element ofthe base sequence based at least in part on the product.
 21. Theapparatus of claim 19, wherein the product is an element-wise product.22. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein a number of the set of orthogonalsequences for conveying the payload is based at least in part on anumber of time periods for conveying the payload and a number offrequency tones for conveying the payload.
 23. The apparatus of claim22, wherein the computer executable code, when executed by the at leastone processor, causes the apparatus to: generate the set of orthogonalsequences for conveying the payload based at least in part on a productof an orthogonal matrix having a size corresponding to the number oftime periods and the plurality of orthogonal sequences.
 24. Theapparatus of claim 23, wherein the product of the orthogonal matrix andthe plurality of orthogonal sequences is a Kronecker product and theorthogonal matrix comprises a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) matrix.25. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the payload comprising theplurality of bits comprises an uplink control information message.
 26. Amethod of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE),comprising: identifying a set of orthogonal sequences for conveying apayload comprising a plurality of bits, wherein the set of orthogonalsequences are generated based at least in part on a plurality oforthogonal sequences prior to transform precoding for transmission;selecting a subset of the set of orthogonal sequences for conveying thepayload, wherein a size of the subset of the set of orthogonal sequencesfor conveying the payload is based at least in part on a number of theplurality of bits; selecting a sequence from the subset of the set oforthogonal sequences for conveying the payload based at least in part ona mapping between the subset of the set of orthogonal sequences forconveying the payload and the plurality of bits; and transmitting theselected sequence.
 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the plurality oforthogonal sequences are generated using a product of a base sequenceand a plurality of block-wise orthogonal cover codes.
 28. The method ofclaim 26, wherein the plurality of orthogonal sequences are generatedusing a product of a base sequence and an element-wise orthogonal covercode.
 29. A method of wireless communication performed by a basestation, comprising: identifying a set of orthogonal sequences forconveying a payload comprising a plurality of bits, wherein the set oforthogonal sequences are generated based at least in part on a pluralityof orthogonal sequences prior to transform precoding for transmission;determining a subset of the set of orthogonal sequences for conveyingthe payload, wherein a size of the subset of the plurality of orthogonalsequences is based at least in part on a number of the plurality ofbits; and receiving a selected sequence from the subset of the pluralityof orthogonal sequences, wherein the selected sequence is based at leastin part on a mapping between the subset of the plurality of orthogonalsequences and the plurality of bits.
 30. The method of claim 29, whereinthe plurality of orthogonal sequences are generated using a product of abase sequence and a plurality of block-wise orthogonal cover codes.